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Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are subject to high levels of noise and distortions due to Multi-Path-Interference (MPI). While recent research showed that 2D neural networks are able to outperform previous traditional State-of-the-Art (SOTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Michael Schelling , Pedro Hermosilla , Timo Ropinski

Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras calculate depth maps by reconstructing phase shifts of amplitude-modulated signals. For broad illumination or transparent objects, reflections from multiple scene points can illuminate a given pixel, giving rise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-20 Ayush Bhandari , Achuta Kadambi , Refael Whyte , Christopher Barsi , Micha Feigin , Adrian Dorrington , Ramesh Raskar

3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensors are used widely in applications such as self-driving cars, Augmented Reality (AR) and robotics. When implemented with Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), compact, array format sensors can be made…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Germán Mora Martín , Stirling Scholes , Alice Ruget , Robert K. Henderson , Jonathan Leach , Istvan Gyongy

Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors provide efficient active depth sensing at relatively low power budgets; among such designs, only very sparse measurements from low-resolution sensors are considered to meet the increasingly limited power…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Andrea Conti , Matteo Poggi , Valerio Cambareri , Martin R. Oswald , Stefano Mattoccia

Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging is an important challenge in many fields ranging from autonomous vehicles and smart cities to defense applications. Several recent works in optics and acoustics tackle the challenge of imaging targets hidden…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-12 Jeremy Boger-Lombard , Yevgeny Slobodkin , Ori Katz

The newly developed method of time-of-flight (ToF) momentum microscopy was used to analyse the cold electron emission from a Cs 3D magneto-optical trap (MOT). Three-step resonant photoionization was implemented via two intermediate states…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 O. Fedchenko , S. Chernov , G. Schönhense , R. Hahn , D. Comparat

A pulse oximeter is an optical device that monitors tissue oxygenation levels. Traditionally, these devices estimate the oxygenation level by measuring the intensity of the transmitted light through the tissue and are embedded into everyday…

Range images captured by Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are corrupted with multipath distortions due to interaction between modulated light signals and scenes. The interaction is often complicated, which makes a model-based solution elusive.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Kilho Son , Ming-Yu Liu , Yuichi Taguchi

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in optical wireless communication (OWC). SPAD operates in the Geiger mode and can act as a photon counting receiver obviating the need for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Shenjie Huang , Yichen Li , Cheng Chen , Mohammad Dehghani Soltani , Robert Henderson , Majid Safari , Harald Haas

In-camera light scattering is a typical form of non-systematic interference in indirect Time-of-Flight (iToF) cameras, primarily caused by multiple reflections and optical path variations within the camera body. This effect can…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-05 Yansong Du , Jingtong Yao , Yuting Zhou , Feiyu Jiao , Zhaoxiang Jiang , Xun Guan

Depth images captured by Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors are prone to noise, requiring denoising for reliable downstream applications. Previous works either focus on single-frame processing, or perform multi-frame processing without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Weida Wang , Changyong He , Jin Zeng , Di Qiu

3D Time-of-Flight camera's images are affected by errors due to the diffuse (indirect) light and to the flare light. The presented method improves the 3D image reducing the distance's errors to dark surface objects. This is achieved by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2009-10-01 D. Falie

We introduce an interferometric technique for passive time-of-flight imaging and depth sensing at micrometer axial resolutions. Our technique uses a full-field Michelson interferometer, modified to use sunlight as the only light source. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Alankar Kotwal , Anat Levin , Ioannis Gkioulekas

Lightweight direct Time-of-Flight (dToF) sensors are ideal for 3D sensing on mobile devices. However, due to the manufacturing constraints of compact devices and the inherent physical principles of imaging, dToF depth maps are sparse and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xuan Zhu , Jijun Xiang , Xianqi Wang , Longliang Liu , Yu Wang , Hong Zhang , Fei Guo , Xin Yang

In turbid media, scattering of light scrambles information of the incident beam and represents an obstacle to optical imaging. Noninvasive imaging through opaque layers is challenging for dynamic and wide-field objects due to unreliable…

Optics · Physics 2018-10-17 Yuan Yuan , Hui Chen

We present a novel spatio-temporal reuse framework for time-resolved light transport, enabling efficient Monte Carlo rendering of time-of-flight (ToF) phenomena such as time-gated imaging and transient light capture. Existing ToF rendering…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Juhyeon Kim , Wojciech Jarosz , Adithya Pediredla

Recently, it is increasingly popular to equip mobile RGB cameras with Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors for active depth sensing. However, for off-the-shelf ToF sensors, one must tackle two problems in order to obtain high-quality depth with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Di Qiu , Jiahao Pang , Wenxiu Sun , Chengxi Yang

Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) is regarded as an auspicious communication approach that can outperform the existing wireless technology. It utilizes LED lights, whose subtle variation in radiant intensity generate a binary data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Fadi Al-Turjman , Diletta Cacciagrano , Leonardo Mostarda , Mattia Paccamiccio , Zaib Ullah

We present a novel single-shot interferometric ToF camera targeted for precise 3D measurements of dynamic objects. The camera concept is based on Synthetic Wavelength Interferometry, a technique that allows retrieval of depth maps of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Manuel Ballester , Heming Wang , Jiren Li , Oliver Cossairt , Florian Willomitzer

Recently, a camera or an image sensor receiver based optical wireless communications (OWC) techniques have attracted particular interest in areas such as the internet of things, indoor localization, motion capture, and intelligent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-17 Nasir Saeed , Shuaishuai Guo , Ki-Hong Park , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Mohamed-Slim Alouini