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We propose joinwidth, a new complexity parameter for the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). The definition of joinwidth is based on the arrangement of basic operations on relations (joins, projections, and pruning), which inherently…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Robert Ganian , Sebastian Ordyniak , Stefan Szeider

Vertex integrity is a graph parameter that measures the connectivity of a graph. Informally, its meaning is that a graph has small vertex integrity if it has a small separator whose removal disconnects the graph into connected components…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Tesshu Hanaka , Michael Lampis , Manolis Vasilakis , Kanae Yoshiwatari

In the \textsc{Maximum Degree Contraction} problem, input is a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, and integers $k, d$, and the objective is to check whether $G$ can be transformed into a graph of maximum degree at most $d$, using at most $k$ edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Saket Saurabh , Prafullkumar Tale

Treewidth is a measure of how tree-like a graph is. It has many important algorithmic applications because many NP-hard problems on general graphs become tractable when restricted to graphs of bounded treewidth. Algorithms for problems on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Johan M. M. van Rooij

A secure set $S$ in a graph is defined as a set of vertices such that for any $X\subseteq S$ the majority of vertices in the neighborhood of $X$ belongs to $S$. It is known that deciding whether a set $S$ is secure in a graph is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Bernhard Bliem , Stefan Woltran

In a fundamental paper in parameterized complexity theory, Marx [ToC '10] constructed $k$-vertex graphs $H$ of maximum degree $3$ such that $n^{o(k /\log k)}$ time algorithms for detecting colorful $H$-subgraphs would refute the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Radu Curticapean , Simon Döring , Daniel Neuen , Jiaheng Wang

Given a graph $G$, let $vc(G)$ and $vc^+(G)$ be the sizes of a minimum and a maximum minimal vertex covers of $G$, respectively. We say that $G$ is well covered if $vc(G)=vc^+(G)$ (that is, all minimal vertex covers have the same size).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Rafael Araujo , Eurinardo Costa , Sulamita Klein , Rudini Sampaio , Ueverton S. Souza

We study a variant of Min Cost Flow in which the flow needs to be connected. Specifically, in the Connected Flow problem one is given a directed graph $G$, along with a set of demand vertices $D \subseteq V(G)$ with demands $\mathsf{dem}: D…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Isja Mannens , Jesper Nederlof , Céline Swennenhuis , Krisztina Szilágyi

A decade ago, a beautiful paper by Wagner developed a ``toolkit'' that in certain cases allows one to prove problems hard for parallel access to NP. However, the problems his toolkit applies to most directly are not overly natural. During…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Edith Hemaspaandra , Lane A. Hemaspaandra , Joerg Rothe

Given an input graph G and an integer k, the parameterized K_4-minor cover problem asks whether there is a set S of at most k vertices whose deletion results in a K_4-minor-free graph, or equivalently in a graph of treewidth at most 2. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-09 Eun Jung Kim , Christophe Paul , Geevarghese Philip

Threshold graphs are recursive deterministic network models that have been proposed for describing certain economic and social interactions. One drawback of this graph family is that it has limited generative attachment rules. To mitigate…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Vida Ravanmehr , Gregory J. Puleo , Sadegh Bolouki , Olgica Milenkovic

Twin-width is a structural width parameter introduced by Bonnet, Kim, Thomass\'e and Watrigant [FOCS 2020], and has interesting applications in the areas of logic on graphs and in parameterized algorithmics. Very briefly, the essence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-08 Petr Hliněný , Jan Jedelský

We consider the problem of computing the size of each $r$-neighbourhood for every vertex of a graph. Specifically, we ask whether the size of the closed second neighbourhood can be computed in subquadratic time. Adapting the SETH reductions…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Gregory Gutin , George B. Mertzios , Felix Reidl

Given a graph $G = (V, E)$ and an integer $k$, the Minimum Membership Dominating Set problem asks to compute a set $S \subseteq V$ such that for each $v \in V$, $1 \leq |N[v] \cap S| \leq k$. The problem is known to be NP-complete even on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Sangam Balchandar Reddy , Anjeneya Swami Kare

The study of SAT and its variants has provided numerous NP-complete problems, from which most NP-hardness results were derived. Due to the NP-hardness of SAT, adding constraints to either specify a more precise NP-complete problem or to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Nacim Oijid

For any $\varepsilon > 0$, we give a polynomial-time $n^\varepsilon$-approximation algorithm for Max Independent Set in graphs of bounded twin-width given with an $O(1)$-sequence. This result is derived from the following time-approximation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Pierre Bergé , Édouard Bonnet , Hugues Déprés , Rémi Watrigant

In this paper we propose, implement, and test the first practical decomposition algorithms for the width parameters treecut width and treedepth. These two parameters have recently gained a lot of attention in the theoretical research…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Robert Ganian , Neha Lodha , Sebastian Ordyniak , Stefan Szeider

The \textsc{Co-Path Packing} (resp., \textsc{Co-Path Set}) problem asks whether a given graph can be edited to a collection of induced paths by deleting at most $k$ vertices (resp., $k$ edges). Both are fundamental problems with significant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuxi Liu , Kangyi Tian , Mingyu Xiao

A dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that answers queries about a property of the current graph while supporting graph modifications such as edge insertions and deletions. Prior work has shown strong conditional lower bounds for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Monika Henzinger , Ami Paz , A. R. Sricharan

Twin-width is a newly introduced graph width parameter that aims at generalizing a wide range of "nicely structured" graph classes. In this work, we focus on obtaining good bounds on twin-width $\text{tww}(G)$ for graphs $G$ from a number…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Hugo Jacob , Marcin Pilipczuk