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Embodied carbon is the total carbon released from the processes associated with a product from cradle to gate. In many industry sectors, embodied carbon dominates the overall carbon footprint. Embodied carbon accounting, i.e., to estimate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Xiaoyang Zhang , Yijie Yang , Dan Wang

Embodied carbon footprint modeling has become an area of growing interest due to its significant contribution to carbon emissions in computing. However, the deterministic nature of the existing models fail to account for the spatial and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xuesi Chen , Leo Han , Anvita Bhagavathula , Udit Gupta

The rapid growth of data centers is increasing energy demand and widening the carbon gap in the ICT sector, as fossil fuels still dominate global energy production. Addressing this challenge requires collaboration across research, policy,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Rubén Rodríguez Álvarez , Denisa-Andreea Constantinescu , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

To improve the environmental implications of the growing demand of computing, future applications need to improve the carbon-efficiency of computing infrastructures. State-of-the-art approaches, however, do not consider the intermittent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Young Geun Kim , Udit Gupta , Andrew McCrabb , Yonglak Son , Valeria Bertacco , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

The chemical industry is increasingly prioritising sustainability, with a focus on reducing carbon footprints to achieve net zero. By 2026, the Together for Sustainability (TfS) consortium will require reporting of biogenic carbon content…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Emma Pajak , David Walz , Olga Walz , Laura Marie Helleckes , Klaus Hellgardt , Antonio del Rio Chanona

Silicon Carbide (SiC) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) cladding is currently being pursued as one of the leading candidates for accident-tolerant fuels. To enable an improved understanding of SiC-SiC composite performance, the development of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Fei Xu , Joshua J. Kane , Peng Xu , Jason L. Schulthess , Sean Gonderman , Nikolaus L. Cordesa

Over the years, the chip industry has consistently developed high-performance processors to address the increasing demands across diverse applications. However, the rapid expansion of chip production has significantly increased carbon…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajun Hu , Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Vidya A. Chhabria , Aman Arora

Machine learning and deep learning models have become essential in the recent fast development of artificial intelligence in many sectors of the society. It is now widely acknowledge that the development of these models has an environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Lucia Bouza Heguerte , Aurélie Bugeau , Loïc Lannelongue

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

While carbon accounting plays a fundamental role in our fight against climate change, it is not without its challenges. We begin the paper with a critique of the conventional carbon accounting practices, after which we proceed to introduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Olamide Oladeji , Seyed Shahabeddin Mousavi , Marc Roston

The need to reduce datacenter carbon footprint is urgent. While many sustainability techniques have been proposed, they are often evaluated in isolation, using limited setups or analytical models that overlook real-world dynamics and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Dante Niewenhuis , Sacheendra Talluri , Alexandru Iosup , Tiziano de Matteis

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Much debate nowadays is devoted to the impacts of modern information and communication technology on global carbon emissions. Green information and communication technology is a paradigm creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Iztok Fister , Dušan Fister , Vili Podgorelec , Iztok Fister

3D stacked technology has emerged as an effective mechanism to overcome physical limits and communication delays found in 2D integration. However, 3D technology also presents several drawbacks that prevent its smooth application. Two of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-23 David Cuesta , José L. Risco-Martín , José L. Ayala , J. Ignacio Hidalgo

The product carbon footprint (PCF) is crucial for decarbonizing the supply chain, as it measures the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions caused by all activities during the product's life cycle. However, PCF accounting often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Zhu Deng , Jinjie Liu , Biao Luo , Can Yuan , Qingrun Yang , Lei Xiao , Wenwen Zhou , Zhu Liu

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework aimed at advancing research and policy development in the realm of decarbonization within electric power systems. The framework focuses on three key aspects: carbon accounting, carbon-aware…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Xin Chen , Hungpo Chao , Wenbo Shi , Na Li

To reduce their environmental impact, cloud datacenters' are increasingly focused on optimizing applications' carbon-efficiency, or work done per mass of carbon emitted. To facilitate such optimizations, we present Carbon Containers, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-27 John Thiede , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Truss optimization is a rich research field receiving renewed interest in limiting the carbon emissions of construction. However, a persistent challenge has been to construct highly optimized and often complex designs. This contribution…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zane Hallowell Schemmer , Josephine Voigt Carstensen

Visual tracking usually requires an object appearance model that is robust to changing illumination, pose and other factors encountered in video. In this paper, we construct an appearance model using the 3D discrete cosine transform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-07-21 Xi Li , Anthony Dick , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel , Hanzi Wang