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Lagrangian multiforms provide a variational framework for describing integrable hierarchies. This thesis presents two approaches for systematically constructing Lagrangian one-forms, which cover the case of finite-dimensional integrable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Anup Anand Singh

We construct a Lagrangian multiform for the class of cyclotomic (rational) Gaudin models by formulating its hierarchy within the Lie dialgebra framework of Semenov-Tian-Shansky and by using the framework of Lagrangian multiforms on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Vincent Caudrelier , Anup Anand Singh , Benoît Vicedo

Lagrangian multiform theory is a variational framework for integrable systems. In this article we introduce a new formulation which is based on symplectic geometry and which treats position, momentum and time coordinates of a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Vincent Caudrelier , Derek Harland

Recently, Lobb and Nijhoff initiated the study of variational (Lagrangian) structure of discrete integrable systems from the perspective of multi-dimensional consistency. In the present work, we follow this line of research and develop a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 Yuri B. Suris

Many integrable hierarchies of differential equations allow a variational description, called a Lagrangian multiform or a pluri-Lagrangian structure. The fundamental object in this theory is not a Lagrange function but a differential…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-06-22 Mats Vermeeren

Motivated by the notion of Lagrangian multiforms, which provide a Lagrangian formulation of integrability, and by results of the authors on the role of covariant Hamiltonian formalism for integrable field theories, we propose the notion of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Vincent Caudrelier , Matteo Stoppato

We describe a variational framework for non-commuting flows, extending the theories of Lagrangian multiforms and pluri-Lagrangian systems, which have gained prominence in recent years as a variational description of integrable systems in…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-04-25 Vincent Caudrelier , Frank Nijhoff , Duncan Sleigh , Mats Vermeeren

We consider the variational principle for the Lagrangian 1-form structure for long-range models of Calogero-Moser (CM) type. The multiform variational principle involves variations with respect to both the field variables as well as the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-10-22 Thanadon Kongkoom , Frank W. Nijhoff , Sikarin Yoo-Kong

We analyze the relation of the notion of a pluri-Lagrangian system, which recently emerged in the theory of integrable systems, to the classical notion of variational symmetry, due to E. Noether. We treat classical mechanical systems and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Matteo Petrera , Yuri B. Suris

There are investigated the Lie algebraic structure and integrability properties of a very interesting class of nonlinear dynamical systems called the heavenly equations, which were initiated by Pleba\'nski and later analyzed in a series of…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2017-11-21 O. Hentosh , Ya. A. Prykarpatsky , D. Blackmore , A. K. Prykarpatski

We present a variational theory of integrable differential-difference equations (semi-discrete integrable systems). This is a natural extension of the ideas known by the names "Lagrangian multiforms" and "Pluri-Lagrangian systems", which…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-12-06 Duncan Sleigh , Mats Vermeeren

We develop the concept of pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies. This is a continuous counterpart of the pluri-Lagrangian (or Lagrangian multiform) theory of integrable lattice systems. We derive the multi-time Euler…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Yuri B. Suris , Mats Vermeeren

By considering the closure property of a Lagrangian multiform as a conservation law, we use Noether's theorem to show that every variational symmetry of a Lagrangian leads to a Lagrangian multiform. In doing so, we provide a systematic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-05-15 D. G. Sleigh , F. W. Nijhoff , V. Caudrelier

It is shown that the Zakharov-Mihailov (ZM) Lagrangian structure for integrable nonlinear equations derived from a general class of Lax pairs possesses a Lagrangian multiform structure. We show that, as a consequence of this multiform…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-07-18 D. G. Sleigh , F. W. Nijhoff , V. Caudrelier

We introduce the concept of gauged Lagrangian $1$-forms, extending the notion of Lagrangian $1$-forms to the setting of gauge theories. This general formalism is applied to a natural geometric Lagrangian $1$-form on the cotangent bundle of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Vincent Caudrelier , Derek Harland , Anup Anand Singh , Benoit Vicedo

We introduce the concept of Hamiltonian potential variables to map Hamiltonian operators into symplectic operators in a dual space. This generalises the classical trick of switching to a potential variable to obtain a Lagrangian density for…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2026-04-22 Pierandrea Vergallo , Mats Vermeeren

A description of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms naturally arisen from the invariance structure of given nonlinear dynamical systems on the infinite--dimensional functional manifold is presented. The basic ideas used to formulate the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yarema A. Prykarpatsky , Anatoliy M. Samoilenko

We show that well-chosen Lagrangians for a class of two-dimensional integrable lattice equations obey a closure relation when embedded in a higher dimensional lattice. On the basis of this property we formulate a Lagrangian description for…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-05-13 Sarah Lobb , Frank Nijhoff

We consider the theory of Lax equations in complex simple and reductive classical Lie algebras with the spectral parameter on a Riemann surface of finite genus. Our approach is based on the new objects -- the Lax operator algebras, and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Oleg K. Sheinman

Kontsevich's formality theorem states that the differential graded Lie algebra of multidifferential operators on a manifold M is L-infinity-quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology. The construction of the L-infinity map is given in terms of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-05-29 Alberto S. Cattaneo , Giovanni Felder
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