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FActScore has gained popularity as a metric to estimate the factuality of long-form texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) in English. However, there has not been any work in studying the behavior of FActScore in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Kim Trong Vu , Michael Krumdick , Varshini Reddy , Franck Dernoncourt , Viet Dac Lai

The fluency and creativity of large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have led to their widespread use, sometimes even as a replacement for traditional search engines. Yet language models are prone to making convincing but factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Katherine Tian , Eric Mitchell , Huaxiu Yao , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn

Long-form factuality evaluation assesses the ability of models to generate accurate, comprehensive responses to short prompts. Existing benchmarks often lack human verification, leading to potential quality issues. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mingda Chen , Yang Li , Xilun Chen , Adina Williams , Gargi Ghosh , Scott Yih

Given varying prompts regarding a factoid question, can a large language model (LLM) reliably generate factually correct answers? Existing LLMs may generate distinct responses for different prompts. In this paper, we study the problem of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Qingxiu Dong , Jingjing Xu , Lingpeng Kong , Zhifang Sui , Lei Li

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the AI landscape, enhancing machine learning and AI capabilities. Factuality issue is a critical concern for LLMs, as they may generate factually incorrect responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Xiaoze Liu , Feijie Wu , Tianyang Xu , Zhuo Chen , Yichi Zhang , Xiaoqian Wang , Jing Gao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent and convincing responses, they are not necessarily correct. This is especially apparent in the popular decompose-then-verify factuality evaluation pipeline, where LLMs evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Heyuan Huang , Alexandra DeLucia , Vijay Murari Tiyyala , Mark Dredze

We introduce FACTS Grounding, an online leaderboard and associated benchmark that evaluates language models' ability to generate text that is factually accurate with respect to given context in the user prompt. In our benchmark, each prompt…

The increased use of large language models (LLMs) across a variety of real-world applications calls for mechanisms to verify the factual accuracy of their outputs. Difficulties lie in assessing the factuality of free-form responses in open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Hasan Iqbal , Georgi Georgiev , Jiahui Geng , Preslav Nakov

The use of large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased since the introduction of ChatGPT in 2022, demonstrating their value across various applications. However, a major challenge for enterprise and commercial adoption of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 N. E. Kriman

Recent benchmarks have probed factual consistency and rhetorical robustness in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, a knowledge gap exists regarding how directional framing of factually true statements influences model agreement, a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jaeho Lee , Atharv Chowdhary

Factual inconsistency with source documents in automatically generated summaries can lead to misinformation or pose risks. Existing factual consistency (FC) metrics are constrained by their performance, efficiency, and explainability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zheheng Luo , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Fei Liu , Georgi Georgiev , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Preslav Nakov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the fact-checking studies. However, existing automated fact-checking evaluation methods rely on static datasets and classification metrics, which fail to automatically evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongzhan Lin , Yang Deng , Yuxuan Gu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jing Ma , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capability in language generation and understanding, but their tendency to hallucinate and produce factually incorrect information remains a key limitation. To verify LLM-generated contents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kushan Mitra , Dan Zhang , Sajjadur Rahman , Estevam Hruschka

A common approach for testing fairness issues in text-based classifiers is through the use of counterfactuals: does the classifier output change if a sensitive attribute in the input is changed? Existing counterfactual generation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zee Fryer , Vera Axelrod , Ben Packer , Alex Beutel , Jilin Chen , Kellie Webster

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained immense attention due to their notable emergent capabilities, surpassing those seen in earlier language models. A particularly intriguing application of LLMs is their role as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xue-Yong Fu , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Cheng Chen , Shashi Bhushan TN

Large language models (LLMs) outperform information retrieval techniques for downstream knowledge-intensive tasks when being prompted to generate world knowledge. However, community concerns abound regarding the factuality and potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Liang Chen , Yang Deng , Yatao Bian , Zeyu Qin , Bingzhe Wu , Tat-Seng Chua , Kam-Fai Wong

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating long-form responses, but evaluating their factuality remains challenging due to complex inter-sentence dependencies within the generated facts. Prior solutions predominantly follow a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xin Liu , Lechen Zhang , Sheza Munir , Yiyang Gu , Lu Wang

While Large Language Models have transformed how we interact with AI systems, they suffer from a critical flaw: they confidently generate false information that sounds entirely plausible. This hallucination problem has become a major…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Piyushkumar Patel

The increased use of large language models (LLMs) across a variety of real-world applications calls for automatic tools to check the factual accuracy of their outputs, as LLMs often hallucinate. This is difficult as it requires assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hasan Iqbal , Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Georgi Georgiev , Jiahui Geng , Iryna Gurevych , Preslav Nakov