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Related papers: A sub-Saturn Mass-Radius Desert for Planets with E…

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Recent surveys have uncovered an exciting new population of ultra-short-period (USP) planets with orbital periods less than a day. These planets typically have radii <1.5 Earth radii, indicating that they likely have rocky compositions.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-13 Eric D. Lopez

We use numerical simulations to model the migration of massive planets at small radii and compare the results with the known properties of 'hot Jupiters' (extrasolar planets with semi-major axes a < 0.1 AU). For planet masses Mp sin i > 0.5…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 W. K. M. Rice , P. J. Armitage , D. F. Hogg

We analyze the transit timing variations obtained by the Kepler mission for 22 sub-jovian planet pairs (17 published, 5 new) that lie close to mean motion resonances. We find that the TTV phases for most of these pairs lie close to zero,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Yanqin Wu , Yoram Lithwick

There is growing evidence that the population of close-in planets discovered by the Kepler mission was sculpted by atmospheric loss, though the typical timescale for this evolution is not well-constrained. Among a highly complete sample of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Angeli Sandoval , Gabriella Contardo , Trevor J. David

Some low-density exoplanets are thought to be water-rich worlds that formed beyond the snow line of their protoplanetary disc, possibly accreting coequal portions of rock and water. However, the compositions of bodies within the Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-16 Jie Li , Edwin A. Bergin , Marc M. Hirschmann , Geoffrey A. Blake , Fred J. Ciesla , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars (the most common stars…

Recent astronomical observations obtained with the Kepler and TESS missions and their related ground-based follow-ups revealed an abundance of exoplanets with a size intermediate between Earth and Neptune. A low occurrence rate of planets…

We present a HST WFC3 transmission spectrum for the transiting exoplanet HAT-P-12b. This warm (1000 K) sub-Saturn-mass planet has a smaller mass and a lower temperature than the hot-Jupiters that have been studied so far. We find that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Michael R. Line , Heather Knutson , Drake Deming , Ashlee Wilkins , Jean-Michel Desert

Mass and radius are two fundamental properties for characterising exoplanets, but only for a relatively small fraction of exoplanets are they both available. Mass is often derived from radial velocity measurements, while the radius is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 S. Ulmer-Moll , N. C. Santos , P. Figueira , J. Brinchmann , J. P. Faria

Sun-like stars are known to host a paucity of brown dwarf companions at close separations. Direct imaging surveys of intermediate-mass stars have suggested that the brown dwarf desert may be fundamentally a feature in the mass ratio.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-17 Keming Zhang

Because planets are not expected to be able to form close to stars due to the high temperatures, it has been suggested that the observed close orbiting ($\sim 0.05$ AU) large mass planets ($\sim M_J$) might be mirror worlds -- planets…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Foot

Constraining the planetary composition is essential for exoplanetary characterization. In this paper, we use a statistical analysis to determine the characteristic maximum (threshold) radii for various compositions for exoplanets with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Michael Lozovsky , Ravit Helled , Caroline Dorn , Julia Venturini

The increasing number of super-Earths close to their host stars revealed a scarcity of close-in small planets with 1.5-2.0$\,R_\oplus$ in the radius distribution of ${\it Kepler}$ planets. The atmospheric escape of super-Earths by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-06 Naho Fujita , Yasunori Hori , Takanori Sasaki

Short-period exoplanets can have dayside surface temperatures surpassing 2000 K, hot enough to vaporize rock and drive a thermal wind. Small enough planets evaporate completely. We construct a radiative-hydrodynamic model of atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Daniel Perez-Becker , Eugene Chiang

The ongoing discoveries of extrasolar planets are unveiling a wide range of terrestrial mass (size) planets around their host stars. In this letter, we present estimates of habitable zones (HZs) around stars with stellar effective…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravi kumar Kopparapu , Ramses M. Ramirez , James SchottelKotte , James F. Kasting , Shawn Domagal-Goldman , Vincent Eymet

I calculate the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of accreting circumplanetary disks using atmospheric radiative transfer models. Circumplanetary disks only accreting at $10^{-10} M_{\odot} yr^{-1}$ around a 1 M$_{J}$ planet can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Zhaohuan Zhu

The core accretion hypothesis posits that planets with significant gaseous envelopes accreted them from their protoplanetary discs after the formation of rocky/icy cores. Observations indicate that such exoplanets exist at a broad range of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Gavin A. L. Coleman , John C. B. Papaloizou , Richard P. Nelson

The bolometric radiation from a central body is potentially a powerful driver of atmospheric escape from planets or satellites. When heated above their equilibrium temperatures those satellites, due to their low surface gravity, are be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-25 Matthäus Schulik , James E. Owen , Richard A. Booth , Shun Fai Ling , Shun Ping Wong

Planets have maximum radii close to that of Jupiter. Qualitatively, the reason for this maximum size is that, as one adds mass, the force of gravity becomes sufficiently strong to cause the radius to decrease. We show that this effect can…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 David Garfinkle , Alberto G. Rojo

The sub-Saturn ($\sim$4--8$R_{\oplus}$) occurrence rate rises with orbital period out to at least $\sim$300 days. In this work we adopt and test the hypothesis that the decrease in their occurrence towards the star is a result of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-12 Tim Hallatt , Eve J. Lee