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This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Simulation is essential to validate autonomous driving systems. However, a simple simulation, even for an extremely high number of simulated miles or hours, is not sufficient. We need well-founded criteria showing that simulation does…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Qiang Wang , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

A typical scenario-based evaluation framework seeks to characterize a black-box system's safety performance (e.g., failure rate) through repeatedly sampling initialization configurations (scenario sampling) and executing a certain test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Several scenario-based frameworks exist to aid in vehicle system development and safety assurance. However, there is a need for approaches that combine different types of datasets that offer varying levels of case severity, data richness,…

Scenario-based development and test processes are a promising approach for verifying and validating automated driving functions. For this purpose, scenarios have to be generated during the development process in a traceable manner. In early…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Till Menzel , Gerrit Bagschik , Leon Isensee , Andre Schomburg , Markus Maurer

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Thomas Ponn , Matthias Breitfuß , Xiao Yu , Frank Diermeyer

Scenario-based testing is a key method for cost-effective and safe validation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Existing approaches rely on imperative scenario definitions, requiring developers to manually enumerate numerous variants to achieve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ezio Bartocci , Alessio Gambi , Felix Gigler , Cristinel Mateis , Dejan Ničković

The capability to follow a lead-vehicle and avoid rear-end collisions is one of the most important functionalities for human drivers and various Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS). Existing safety performance justification of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Bowen Weng , Minghao Zhu , Keith Redmill

Scenario-based testing is considered state-of-the-art to verify and validate Advanced Driver Assistance Systems or Automated Driving Systems. Due to the official launch of the SOTIF-standard (ISO 21448), scenario-based testing becomes more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Lukas Birkemeyer , Christian King , Ina Schaefer

Verifying highly automated driving functions can be challenging, requiring identifying relevant test scenarios. Scenario-based testing will likely play a significant role in verifying these systems, predominantly occurring within…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner

Scenario-based methods for the assessment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) are widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenarios captured from real-world data can be used to define the scenarios for the assessment and to…

Autonomous driving systems are typically verified based on scenarios. To represent the positions and movements of cars in these scenarios, diagrams that utilize icons are typically employed. However, the interpretation of such diagrams is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Toshiaki Aoki , Takashi Tomita , Tatsuji Kawai , Daisuke Kawakami , Nobuo Chida

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Scenario-based approaches have been receiving a huge amount of attention in research and engineering of automated driving systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the driving environment, and the complexity of the driving task…

With the implementation of the new EU regulation 2022/1426 regarding the type-approval of the automated driving system (ADS) of fully automated vehicles, scenario-based testing has gained significant importance in evaluating the performance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Barbara Schütt , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

The increasing complexity of automated driving functions and their growing operational design domains imply more demanding requirements on their validation. Classical methods such as field tests or formal analyses are not sufficient anymore…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Nicole Neis , Juergen Beyerer

The introduction of automated vehicles without permanent human supervision demands a functional system description, including functional system boundaries and a comprehensive safety analysis. These inputs to the technical development can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Gerrit Bagschik , Till Menzel , Markus Maurer

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase traffic safety and traffic efficiency, among others by enabling flexible mobility-on-demand systems. This is particularly important in Singapore, being one of the world's most densely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-20 J. Ploeg , E. de Gelder , M. Slavík , E. Querner , T. Webster , N. de Boer