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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are of great interest in vulnerability detection and repair. The effectiveness of these models hinges on the quality of the datasets used for both training and evaluation. Our investigation reveals that a number…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Anurag Swarnim Yadav , Joseph N. Wilson

As increasingly capable large language models (LLMs) emerge, researchers have begun exploring their potential for subjective tasks. While recent work demonstrates that LLMs can be aligned with diverse human perspectives, evaluating this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Pietro Bernardelle , Leon Fröhling , Stefano Civelli , Gianluca Demartini

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the widespread deployment of LLM-based systems across diverse domains. As these systems proliferate, understanding the risks associated with their complex supply chains is increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yujie Ma , Lili Quan , Xiaofei Xie , Qiang Hu , Jiongchi Yu , Yao Zhang , Sen Chen

Large language models (LLMs) trained on internet-scale corpora can exhibit systematic biases that increase the probability of unwanted behavior. In this study, we examined potential biases towards synthetic vs. biological technological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Trent R Northen , Mingxun Wang

As large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI's GPT series continue to make strides, we witness the emergence of artificial intelligence applications in an ever-expanding range of fields. In medicine, these LLMs hold considerable promise for…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on additional datasets is often necessary to optimize them for specific downstream tasks. However, existing safety alignment measures, which restrict harmful behavior during inference, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Minjun Zhu , Linyi Yang , Yifan Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are now ubiquitous in everyday tools, raising urgent safety concerns about their tendency to generate harmful content. The dominant safety approach -- reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sathwik Karnik , Somil Bansal

Given the growing influence of language model-based agents on high-stakes societal decisions, from public policy to healthcare, ensuring their beneficial impact requires understanding the far-reaching implications of their suggestions. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chenkai Sun , Denghui Zhang , ChengXiang Zhai , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing information retrieval, with chatbots becoming an important source for answering user queries. As by their design, LLMs prioritize generating correct answers, the value of highly plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jamshid Mozafari , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

Current methods for evaluating large language models (LLMs) typically focus on high-level tasks such as text generation, without targeting a particular AI application. This approach is not sufficient for evaluating LLMs for Responsible AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alicia Sagae , Chia-Jung Lee , Sandeep Avula , Brandon Dang , Vanessa Murdock

Generative large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit harmful biases and stereotypes. While safety fine-tuning typically takes place in English, if at all, these models are being used by speakers of many different languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

While the safety risks of image-based large language models (Image LLMs) have been extensively studied, their video-based counterparts (Video LLMs) remain critically under-examined. To systematically study this problem, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yiwei Sun , Peiqi Jiang , Chuanbin Liu , Luohao Lin , Zhiying Lu , Hongtao Xie

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), including content generation, human-computer interaction, machine translation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Songyang Liu , Chaozhuo Li , Jiameng Qiu , Xi Zhang , Feiran Huang , Litian Zhang , Yiming Hei , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have displayed massive improvements in reasoning and decision-making skills and can hold natural conversations with users. Many recent works seek to augment LLM-based assistants with external tools so they can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nicholas Farn , Richard Shin

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) move into interactive, multi-turn use, safety concerns intensify for multimodal multi-turn dialogue, which is characterized by concealment of malicious intent, contextual risk accumulation, and cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Guolei Huang , Qinzhi Peng , Gan Xu , Yao Huang , Yuxuan Lu , Yongjun Shen

The goal of aligning language models to human preferences requires data that reveal these preferences. Ideally, time and money can be spent carefully collecting and tailoring bespoke preference data to each downstream application. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Judy Hanwen Shen , Archit Sharma , Jun Qin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in contexts where their failures can have direct sociopolitical consequences. Yet, existing safety benchmarks rarely test vulnerabilities in domains such as political manipulation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Punya Syon Pandey , Hai Son Le , Devansh Bhardwaj , Rada Mihalcea , Zhijing Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a significant risk of safety misalignment after finetuning, as models can be compromised by both explicitly and implicitly harmful data. Even some seemingly benign data can inadvertently steer a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhanhao Hu , Xiao Huang , Patrick Mendoza , Emad A. Alghamdi , Basel Alomair , Raluca Ada Popa , David Wagner

With the profound development of large language models(LLMs), their safety concerns have garnered increasing attention. However, there is a scarcity of Chinese safety benchmarks for LLMs, and the existing safety taxonomies are inadequate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenjing Zhang , Xuejiao Lei , Zhaoxiang Liu , Meijuan An , Bikun Yang , KaiKai Zhao , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian
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