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Rooted phylogenetic networks allow biologists to represent evolutionary relationships between present-day species by revealing ancestral speciation and hybridization events. A convenient and well-studied class of such networks are…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-02 Qiang Zhang , Mike Steel

Tree-child networks are one of the most prominent network classes for modeling evolutionary processes which contain reticulation events. Several recent studies have addressed counting questions for {\it bicombining tree-child networks}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Yu-Sheng Chang , Michael Fuchs , Hexuan Liu , Michael Wallner , Guan-Ru Yu

Phylogenetic networks provide a framework for representing evolutionary histories involving reticulate events such as hybridization or horizontal gene transfer. A central problem is to infer such networks from local structural information.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Patricia A. Ebert , Marc Hellmuth

Reconstructing a parsimonious phylogenetic network that displays multiple phylogenetic trees is an important problem in theory of phylogenetics, where the complexity of the inferred networks is measured by reticulation numbers. The…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-27 Yufeng Wu , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to model non-vertical inheritance, by which a lineage inherits material from multiple parents. The computational complexity of estimating phylogenetic networks from genome-wide data with…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-28 Jingcheng Xu , Cécile Ané

The hybridization number problem requires us to embed a set of binary rooted phylogenetic trees into a binary rooted phylogenetic network such that the number of nodes with indegree two is minimized. However, from a biological point of view…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-05 Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk , Georgios Stamoulis , Leen Stougie , Olivier Boes

The evolutionary relationships between species are typically represented in the biological literature by rooted phylogenetic trees. However, a tree fails to capture ancestral reticulate processes, such as the formation of hybrid species or…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-09 Johanna Heiss , Daniel H. Huson , Mike Steel

Tree-child networks, one of the prominent network classes in phylogenetics, have been introduced for the purpose of modeling reticulate evolution. Recently, the first author together with Gittenberger and Mansouri (2019) showed that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Michael Fuchs , En-Yu Huang , Guan-Ru Yu

Understanding the evolution of a set of genes or species is a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. The problem we study here takes as input a set of trees describing {possibly discordant} evolutionary scenarios for a given set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Cedric Chauve , Mark Jones , Manuel Lafond , Céline Scornavacca , Mathias Weller

Phylogenetic networks are a special type of graph which generalize phylogenetic trees and that are used to model non-treelike evolutionary processes such as recombination and hybridization. In this paper, we consider {\em unrooted}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Katharina T. Huber , Simone Linz , Vincent Moulton

A normal (phylogenetic) network with $k$ reticulations displays $2^k$ phylogenetic trees. In this paper, we establish an analogous result for tree-child (phylogenetic) networks with no underlying $3$-cycles. In particular, we show that a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Charles Semple , Kristina Wicke

It is a known fact that, given two rooted binary phylogenetic trees, the concept of maximum acyclic agreement forests is sufficient to compute hybridization networks with minimum hybridization number. In this work, we demonstrate by first…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-12-18 Benjamin Albrecht

Many popular algorithms for searching the space of leaf-labelled trees are based on tree rearrangement operations. Under any such operation, the problem is reduced to searching a graph where vertices are trees and (undirected) edges are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Lena Collienne , Alex Gavryushkin

Phylogenetic networks have gained prominence over the years due to their ability to represent complex non-treelike evolutionary events such as recombination or hybridization. Popular combinatorial objects used to construct them are triplet…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-19 P. Gambette , K. T. Huber , S. Kelk

Ranked tree-child networks are a recently introduced class of rooted phylogenetic networks in which the evolutionary events represented by the network are ordered so as to respect the flow of time. This class includes the well-studied…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-15 Vincent Moulton , Andreas Spillner

Phylogenetic networks are directed acyclic graphs that depict the genomic evolution of related taxa. Reticulation nodes in such networks (nodes with more than one parent) represent reticulate evolutionary events, such as recombination,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-21 Alexey Markin , Sriram Vijendran , Oliver Eulenstein

Evolutionary histories for species that cross with one another or exchange genetic material can be represented by leaf-labelled, directed graphs called phylogenetic networks. A major challenge in the burgeoning area of phylogenetic networks…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Leo van Iersel , Sjors Kole , Vincent Moulton , Leonie Nipius

Phylogenetic networks are mathematical structures for modeling and visualization of reticulation processes in the study of evolution. Galled networks, reticulation visible networks, nearly-stable networks and stable-child networks are the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-02 Andreas D. M. Gunawan , Louxin Zhang

Rooted phylogenetic networks provide a more complete representation of the ancestral relationship between species than phylogenetic trees when reticulate evolutionary processes are at play. One way to reconstruct a phylogenetic network is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-02 Allan Bai , Peter Erdos , Charles Semple , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to allow for modeling reticulate evolutionary processes such as hybridization. They take the shape of a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, and when parameterized with evolutionary parameters,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-28 R. A. L. Elworth , H. A. Ogilvie , J. Zhu , L. Nakhleh