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Safely interacting with humans is a significant challenge for autonomous driving. The performance of this interaction depends on machine learning-based modules of an autopilot, such as perception, behavior prediction, and planning. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Jay Shenoy , Edward Kim , Xiangyu Yue , Taesung Park , Daniel Fremont , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Sanjit Seshia

Machine learning has been a popular tool in many different fields, including procedural content generation. However, procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) approaches can struggle with controllability and coherence. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Kynan Sorochan , Jerry Chen , Yakun Yu , Matthew Guzdial

The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Scenario-based methods for the assessment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) are widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenarios captured from real-world data can be used to define the scenarios for the assessment and to…

The development of software components for autonomous driving functions should always include an extensive and rigorous evaluation. Since real-world testing is expensive and safety-critical -- especially when facing dynamic racing scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Tim Stahl , Johannes Betz

The evaluation of procedural content generation (PCG) systems for generating video game levels is a complex and contested topic. Ideally, the field would have access to robust, generalisable and widely accepted evaluation approaches that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Oliver Withington , Michael Cook , Laurissa Tokarchuk

We address the problem of generating a 3D-consistent, navigable environment that is spatially grounded: a simulation of a real location. Existing video generative models can produce a plausible sequence that is consistent with a text (T2V)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Gene Chou , Charles Herrmann , Kyle Genova , Boyang Deng , Songyou Peng , Bharath Hariharan , Jason Y. Zhang , Noah Snavely , Philipp Henzler

Real-world autonomous driving, particularly in urban environments with numerous corner cases, requires rigorous testing to ensure product safety and robustness. However, few studies have explored integrating adversarial scenario generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Kaizheng Li , Yaran Lin , Qiang Guo , Bin Jiang

Autonomous driving and its widespread adoption have long held tremendous promise. Nevertheless, without a trustworthy and thorough testing procedure, not only does the industry struggle to mass-produce autonomous vehicles (AV), but neither…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Haoyi Niu , Kun Ren , Yizhou Xu , Ziyuan Yang , Yichen Lin , Yi Zhang , Jianming Hu

Generating adversarial safety-critical scenarios is a pivotal method for testing autonomous driving systems, as it identifies potential weaknesses and enhances system robustness and reliability. However, existing approaches predominantly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yukuan Yang , Xucheng Lu , Zhili Zhang , Zepeng Wu , Guoqi Li , Lingzhong Meng , Yunzhi Xue

Autonomous parking is a critical component for achieving safe and efficient urban autonomous driving. However, unstructured environments and dynamic interactions pose significant challenges to autonomous parking tasks. To address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zewei Yang , Zengqi Peng , Jun Ma

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is defined as the automatic creation of game content using algorithms. PCG has a long history in both the game industry and the academic world. It can increase player engagement and ease the work of game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mahdi Farrokhi Maleki , Richard Zhao

4D driving simulation is essential for developing realistic autonomous driving simulators. Despite advancements in existing methods for generating driving scenes, significant challenges remain in view transformation and spatial-temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Lening Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Dalong Du , Yunpeng Zhang , Yilong Ren , Han Jiang , Zhiyong Cui , Haiyang Yu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu , Shanghang Zhang

Autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles, quadrupeds, and robot manipulators, are largely enabled by the rapid development of artificial intelligence. However, such systems involve several trustworthy challenges such as safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Wenhao Ding

Scenario-based testing is becoming increasingly important in safety assurance for automated driving. However, comprehensive and sufficiently complete coverage of the scenario space requires significant effort and resources if using only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Christoph Glasmacher , Michael Schuldes , Hendrik Weber , Nicolas Wagener , Lutz Eckstein

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing demand for scenario-based testing to simulate diverse driving scenarios. However, as the base of any driving scenarios, road scenarios (e.g., road topology and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fan Yang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Peng Qin , Xin Peng

Realistic and controllable traffic simulation is a core capability that is necessary to accelerate autonomous vehicle (AV) development. However, current approaches for controlling learning-based traffic models require significant domain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Yuxiao Chen , Boris Ivanovic , Yulong Cao , Danfei Xu , Marco Pavone , Baishakhi Ray

Techniques for procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) have been shown to be useful for generating novel game content. While used primarily for producing new content in the style of the game domain used for training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Anurag Sarkar , Adam Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Gerard Bentley , Joseph Osborn

Autonomous parking is a key technology in modern autonomous driving systems, requiring high precision, strong adaptability, and efficiency in complex environments. This paper proposes a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Zheyu Zhang , Yutong Luo , Yongzhou Chen , Haopeng Zhao , Zhichao Ma , Hao Liu

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer