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We prove two new results about the randomized query complexity of composed functions. First, we show that the randomized composition conjecture is false: there are families of partial Boolean functions $f$ and $g$ such that $R(f\circ g)\ll…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Shalev Ben-David , Eric Blais

Let the randomized query complexity of a relation for error probability $\epsilon$ be denoted by $R_\epsilon(\cdot)$. We prove that for any relation $f \subseteq \{0,1\}^n \times \mathcal{R}$ and Boolean function $g:\{0,1\}^m \rightarrow…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-15 Anurag Anshu , Dmitry Gavinsky , Rahul Jain , Srijita Kundu , Troy Lee , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Miklos Santha , Swagato Sanyal

We study the composition question for bounded-error randomized query complexity: Is R(f o g) = Omega(R(f) R(g)) for all Boolean functions f and g? We show that inserting a simple Boolean function h, whose query complexity is only Theta(log…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Shalev Ben-David , Robin Kothari

Let $R_\epsilon(\cdot)$ stand for the bounded-error randomized query complexity with error $\epsilon > 0$. For any relation $f \subseteq \{0,1\}^n \times S$ and partial Boolean function $g \subseteq \{0,1\}^m \times \{0,1\}$, we show that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Dmitry Gavinsky , Troy Lee , Miklos Santha , Swagato Sanyal

Let $f\subseteq\{0,1\}^n\times\Xi$ be a relation and $g:\{0,1\}^m\to\{0,1,*\}$ be a promise function. This work investigates the randomised query complexity of the relation $f\circ g^n\subseteq\{0,1\}^{m\cdot n}\times\Xi$, which can be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Dmytro Gavinsky , Troy Lee , Miklos Santha

Determining the approximate degree composition for Boolean functions remains a significant unsolved problem in Boolean function complexity. In recent decades, researchers have concentrated on proving that approximate degree composes for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Sourav Chakraborty , Chandrima Kayal , Rajat Mittal , Manaswi Paraashar , Nitin Saurabh

Let $\R(\cdot)$ stand for the bounded-error randomized query complexity. We show that for any relation $f \subseteq \{0,1\}^n \times \mathcal{S}$ and partial Boolean function $g \subseteq \{0,1\}^n \times \{0,1\}$, $\R_{1/3}(f \circ g^n) =…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Swagato Sanyal

Let R_eps denote randomized query complexity for error probability eps, and R:=R_{1/3}. In this work we investigate whether a perfect composition theorem R(f o g^n)=Omega(R(f).R(g)) holds for a relation f in {0,1}^n * S and a total inner…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Swagato Sanyal

We prove two results about randomised query complexity $\mathrm{R}(f)$. First, we introduce a "linearised" complexity measure $\mathrm{LR}$ and show that it satisfies an inner-optimal composition theorem: $\mathrm{R}(f\circ g) \geq…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Shalev Ben-David , Eric Blais , Mika Göös , Gilbert Maystre

We prove a strong composition theorem for junta complexity and show how such theorems can be used to generically boost the performance of property testers. The $\varepsilon$-approximate junta complexity of a function $f$ is the smallest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Guy Blanc , Caleb Koch , Carmen Strassle , Li-Yang Tan

We show that for a relation $f\subseteq \{0,1\}^n\times \mathcal{O}$ and a function $g:\{0,1\}^{m}\times \{0,1\}^{m} \rightarrow \{0,1\}$ (with $m= O(\log n)$), $$\mathrm{R}_{1/3}(f\circ g^n) = \Omega\left(\mathrm{R}_{1/3}(f) \cdot…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Anurag Anshu , Naresh B. Goud , Rahul Jain , Srijita Kundu , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

For a (possibly partial) Boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ as well as a query complexity measure $M$ which maps Boolean functions to real numbers, define the composition limit of $M$ on $f$ by $M^*(f)=\lim_{k\to\infty}…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Bandar Al-Dhalaan , Shalev Ben-David

The negative weight adversary method, $\mathrm{ADV}^\pm(g)$, is known to characterize the bounded-error quantum query complexity of any Boolean function $g$, and also obeys a perfect composition theorem $\mathrm{ADV}^\pm(f \circ g^n) =…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-15 Aleksandrs Belovs , Troy Lee

Block sensitivity ($bs(f)$), certificate complexity ($C(f)$) and fractional certificate complexity ($C^*(f)$) are three fundamental combinatorial measures of complexity of a boolean function $f$. It has long been known that $bs(f) \leq…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-06-05 Justin Gilmer , Michael Saks , Srikanth Srinivasan

One of the major open problems in complexity theory is proving super-logarithmic lower bounds on the depth of circuits (i.e., $\mathbf{P}\not\subseteq\mathbf{NC}^1$). Karchmer, Raz, and Wigderson (Computational Complexity 5(3/4), 1995)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Susanna F. de Rezende , Or Meir , Jakob Nordström , Toniann Pitassi , Robert Robere

Suppose we have randomized decision trees for an outer function $f$ and an inner function $g$. The natural approach for obtaining a randomized decision tree for the composed function $(f\circ g^n)(x^1,\ldots,x^n)=f(g(x^1),\ldots,g(x^n))$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Shalev Ben-David , Mika Göös , Robin Kothari , Thomas Watson

We study a natural complexity measure of Boolean functions known as the rational degree. Denoted $\textrm{rdeg}(f)$, it is the minimal degree of a rational function that is equal to $f$ on the Boolean hypercube. For total functions $f$, it…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Vishnu Iyer , Siddhartha Jain , Robin Kothari , Matt Kovacs-Deak , Vinayak M. Kumar , Luke Schaeffer , Daochen Wang , Michael Whitmeyer

We construct a total Boolean function $f$ satisfying $R(f)=\tilde{\Omega}(Q(f)^{5/2})$, refuting the long-standing conjecture that $R(f)=O(Q(f)^2)$ for all total Boolean functions. Assuming a conjecture of Aaronson and Ambainis about…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-29 Shalev Ben-David

Let $f:\{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}$ be a Boolean function. The certificate complexity $C(f)$ is a complexity measure that is quadratically tight for the zero-error randomized query complexity $R_0(f)$: $C(f) \leq R_0(f) \leq C(f)^2$. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Dmitry Gavinsky , Rahul Jain , Hartmut Klauck , Srijita Kundu , Troy Lee , Miklos Santha , Swagato Sanyal , Jevgenijs Vihrovs

We show that there exists a Boolean function $F$ which observes the following separations among deterministic query complexity $(D(F))$, randomized zero error query complexity $(R_0(F))$ and randomized one-sided error query complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Sagnik Mukhopadhyay , Swagato Sanyal
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