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The increased prevalence of observational data and the need to integrate information from multiple sources are critical challenges in contemporary data analysis. Record linkage is a widely used tool for combining datasets in the absence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-17 Martin Slawski

New text as data techniques offer a great promise: the ability to inductively discover measures that are useful for testing social science theories of interest from large collections of text. We introduce a conceptual framework for making…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-08 Naoki Egami , Christian J. Fong , Justin Grimmer , Margaret E. Roberts , Brandon M. Stewart

Background: Widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has enabled secondary use of EHR data for clinical research and healthcare delivery. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques have shown promise in their capability to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Sijia Liu , Yanshan Wang , Andrew Wen , Liwei Wang , Na Hong , Feichen Shen , Steven Bedrick , William Hersh , Hongfang Liu

Objective: Text mining of clinical notes embedded in electronic medical records is increasingly used to extract patient characteristics otherwise not or only partly available, to assess their association with relevant health outcomes. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Madhumita Sushil , Atul J. Butte , Ewoud Schuit , Maarten van Smeden , Artuur M. Leeuwenberg

The extraction of critical patient information from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) poses significant challenges due to the complexity and unstructured nature of the data. Traditional machine learning approaches often fail to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhimeng Luo , Abhibha Gupta , Adam Frisch , Daqing He

Although increasingly used as a data resource for assembling cohorts, electronic health records (EHRs) pose many analytic challenges. In particular, a patient's health status influences when and what data are recorded, generating sampling…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-28 Yifei Sun , Charles E. McCulloch , Kieren A. Marr , Chiung-Yu Huang

Increasingly large electronic health records (EHRs) provide an opportunity to algorithmically learn medical knowledge. In one prominent example, a causal health knowledge graph could learn relationships between diseases and symptoms and…

Applications · Statistics 2019-10-04 Irene Y. Chen , Monica Agrawal , Steven Horng , David Sontag

Clinicians spend a significant amount of time inputting free-form textual notes into Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems. Much of this documentation work is seen as a burden, reducing time spent with patients and contributing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Peter J. Liu

Electronic Healthcare Records contain large volumes of unstructured data, including extensive free text. Yet this source of detailed information often remains under-used because of a lack of methodologies to extract interpretable content in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 M. Tarik Altuncu , Erik Mayer , Sophia N. Yaliraki , Mauricio Barahona

The treatment effects of medications play a key role in guiding medical prescriptions. They are usually assessed with randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are expensive. Recently, large-scale electronic health records (EHRs) have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-20 Linying Zhang , Yixin Wang , Anna Ostropolets , Jami J. Mulgrave , David M. Blei , George Hripcsak

We examine the role of textual data as study units when conducting causal inference by drawing parallels between human subjects and organized texts. %in human population research. We elaborate on key causal concepts and principles, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Bo Zhang , Jiayao Zhang

Electronic health records (EHR) are rich heterogeneous collection of patient health information, whose broad adoption provides great opportunities for systematic health data mining. However, heterogeneous EHR data types and biased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Yue Li , Manolis Kellis

Manual chart review remains an extremely time-consuming and resource-intensive component of clinical research, requiring experts to extract often complex information from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) narratives. We present a…

Many diagnostic errors occur because clinicians cannot easily access relevant information in patient Electronic Health Records (EHRs). In this work we propose a method to use LLMs to identify pieces of evidence in patient EHR data that…

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide rich longitudinal clinical evidence that is central to medical decision-making, motivating the use of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground large language model (LLM) predictions. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lang Cao , Qingyu Chen , Yue Guo

Knowing the effect of an intervention is critical for human decision-making, but current approaches for causal effect estimation rely on manual data collection and structuring, regardless of the causal assumptions. This increases both the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Nikita Dhawan , Leonardo Cotta , Karen Ullrich , Rahul G. Krishnan , Chris J. Maddison

Patient similarity assessment, which identifies patients similar to a given patient, can help improve medical care. The assessment can be performed using Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). Patient similarity measurement requires converting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Hoda Memarzadeh , Nasser Ghadiri , Matthias Samwald , Maryam Lotfi Shahreza

Evaluating the clinical similarities between pairwise patients is a fundamental problem in healthcare informatics. A proper patient similarity measure enables various downstream applications, such as cohort study and treatment comparative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-12 Zihao Zhu , Changchang Yin , Buyue Qian , Yu Cheng , Jishang Wei , Fei Wang

Objective: Temporal electronic health records (EHRs) can be a wealth of information for secondary uses, such as clinical events prediction or chronic disease management. However, challenges exist for temporal data representation. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Feng Xie , Han Yuan , Yilin Ning , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Mengling Feng , Wynne Hsu , Bibhas Chakraborty , Nan Liu

Standard practice in electronic health record (EHR)-based studies evaluating the comparative effectiveness of bariatric surgery relative to no surgery is to estimate and report a constant treatment effect across calendar time. However,…