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We consider realistic, multi-parameter error models and investigate the performance of the surface code for three possible fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computer architectures. We map amplitude and phase damping to a diagonal Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-21 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , Michael R. Geller

Implementing algorithms on a fault-tolerant quantum computer will require fast decoding throughput and latency times to prevent an exponential increase in buffer times between the applications of gates. In this work we begin by quantifying…

Fault-tolerant quantum computing relies on Quantum Error Correction, which encodes logical qubits into data and parity qubits. Error decoding is the process of translating the measured parity bits into types and locations of errors. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Narges Alavisamani , Suhas Vittal , Ramin Ayanzadeh , Poulami Das , Moinuddin Qureshi

The surface code, with a simple modification, exhibits ultra-high error correction thresholds when the noise is biased towards dephasing. Here, we identify features of the surface code responsible for these ultra-high thresholds. We provide…

With the development of quantum hardware bringing the error-corrected quantum circuits to the near future, the lack of an efficient polynomial-time decoding algorithms for logical circuits presents a critical bottleneck. While quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Yiqing Zhou , Chao Wan , Yichen Xu , Jin Peng Zhou , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Eun-Ah Kim

Scaling quantum computing to practical applications necessitates reliable quantum error correction. Although numerous correction codes have been proposed, the overall correction efficiency critically limited by the decode algorithms. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Gengyuan Hu , Wanli Ouyang , Chao-Yang Lu , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong

Current quantum processors are fragile, noisy and fairly limited in both quantity and quality with tens of qubits and physical error rates of around 10^-3. To realize practical quantum applications, however, error rates need to be below…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Hany Ali

We present a method, called matching synthesis, for decoding quantum codes that produces an enhanced assignment of errors from an ensemble of decoders. We apply matching synthesis to develop a decoder named Libra, and show in simulations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Cody Jones

Quantum error correction requires decoders that are both accurate and efficient. To this end, union-find decoding has emerged as a promising candidate for error correction on the surface code. In this work, we benchmark a weighted variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Shilin Huang , Michael Newman , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing, yet decoding errors via conventional algorithms result in limited accuracy (i.e., suppression of logical errors) and high overheads, both of which can be alleviated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Xiangjun Mi , Frank Mueller

Experimental realization of stabilizer-based quantum error correction (QEC) codes that would yield superior logical qubit performance is one of the formidable task for state-of-the-art quantum processors. A major obstacle towards realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 I. A. Simakov , I. S. Besedin , A. V. Ustinov

Designing quantum error correcting codes that promise a high error threshold, low resource overhead and efficient decoding algorithms is crucial to achieve large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. The concatenated quantum Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Menglong Fang , Daiqin Su

We consider near maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of short linear block codes. In particular, we propose a novel decoding approach based on neural belief propagation (NBP) decoding recently introduced by Nachmani et al. in which we allow a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Andreas Buchberger , Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister , Laurent Schmalen , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Decoder diversity is a powerful error correction framework in which a collection of decoders collaboratively correct a set of error patterns otherwise uncorrectable by any individual decoder. In this paper, we propose a new approach to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Xin Xiao , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasic , Shu Lin , Ravi Tandon

Quantum error correction is the building block for constructing fault-tolerant quantum processors that can operate reliably even if its constituting elements are corrupted by decoherence. In this context, real-time decoding is a necessity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Antonio deMarti iOlius , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

Polar codes have drawn much attention and been adopted in 5G New Radio (NR) due to their capacity-achieving performance. Recently, as the emerging deep learning (DL) technique has breakthrough achievements in many fields, neural network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-05 Chieh-Fang Teng , Chen-Hsi Wu , Kuan-Shiuan Ho , An-Yeu Wu

Reliable communication over noisy channels requires the design of specialized error-correcting codes (ECCs) tailored to specific system requirements. Recently, neural network-based decoders have emerged as promising tools for enhancing ECC…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anastasiia Kurmukova , Selim F. Yilmaz , Emre Ozfatura , Deniz Gunduz

This paper considers a framework where data from correlated sources are transmitted with help of network coding in ad-hoc network topologies. The correlated data are encoded independently at sensors and network coding is employed in the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Hyunggon Park , Nikolaos Thomos , Pascal Frossard

Recently, it was shown that if multiplicative weights are assigned to the edges of a Tanner graph used in belief propagation decoding, it is possible to use deep learning techniques to find values for the weights which improve the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Loren Lugosch , Warren J. Gross

Lowering the resource overhead needed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation is crucial to building scalable quantum computers. We show that adapting conventional maximum likelihood (ML) decoders to a small subset of efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Pavithran Iyer , Aditya Jain , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson