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Optical imaging plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of three dimensional dynamics of biological systems. Coherent imaging (CI) methods exploit spatial phase information, encoded through propagation of coherent signal light…

Modern imaging techniques at the molecular scale rely on utilizing novel coherent light sources like X-ray free electron lasers for the ultimate goal of visualizing such objects as individual biomolecules rather than crystals. Here, unlike…

Atom interferometers are very sensitive to accelerations and rotations. This property, which has some very interesting applications, induces a deleterious phase noise due to the seismic noise of the laboratory and this phase noise is…

This publication presents a novel interferometric method for the simultaneous spatially resolved analysis of an object under test regarding the phase transmission function and the magnitude and orientation of dichroism. Analogous to the…

Complex-field imaging is indispensable for numerous applications at wavelengths from X-ray to THz, with amplitude describing transmittance (or reflectivity) and phase revealing intrinsic structure of the target object. Coherent diffraction…

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the one-way Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. By taking finite…

The challenge of imaging low-density objects in an electron microscope without causing beam damage is significant in modern TEM. This is especially true for life science imaging, where the sample, rather than the instrument, still…

Interferometry provides highly sensitive access to optical phase and is central to much of modern metrology and phase imaging methods. Conventional implementations, however, often face trade-offs between mechanical stability and…

We study vortex patterns in a prototype nonlinear optical system: counterpropagating laser beams in a photorefractive crystal, with or without the background photonic lattice. The vortices are effectively planar and described by the winding…

A key action for enhancing the sensitivity of gravitational wave (GW) detectors based on laser interferometry is to increase the laser power. However, in such a high-power regime, a nonlinear optomechanical phenomenon called parametric…

A scheme is proposed to achieve substantial controllable phase modulation for a probe field propagating through a thermal atomic vapor in double-$\Lambda$ configuration. The phase modulation is based on the linear susceptibility of the…

Using higher-order coherence of thermal light sources, the resolution power of standard x-ray imaging techniques can be enhanced. In this work, we applied the higher-order measurement to far-field x-ray diffraction and near-field phase…

A new type of atomic interferometer is proposed, in which the traditional method of measuring the state of an atom is replaced by the technique of polarization spectroscopy using the working substance of a clot of condensate of two-level…

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) for visualizing objects at atomic resolution has been realized as a promising tool for imaging single molecules. Drawbacks of CDI are associated with the difficulty of the numerical phase retrieval from…

We propose and implement a quantum procedure for enhancing the sensitivity with which one can determine the phase shift experienced by a weak light beam possessing thermal statistics in passing through an interferometer. Our procedure…

Photothermal imaging is a powerful noncontact and nondestructive technique for subsurface inspection of composite materials, yet its performance is fundamentally limited by the diffusive and irreversible nature of heat transport, leading to…

This paper deals with the theoretical principle and optical design of a phase-shifting telescope-interferometer. What is called a "Telescope-Interferometer" (T-I) is indeed a novel, recently proposed Wavefront Error (WFE) sensing technique,…

Shearing interferometry is a common-path quantitative phase imaging technique in which an object beam interferes with a laterally shifted replica of itself, providing high temporal stability, reduced sensitivity to environmental noise,…

Phase diffusion represents a crucial obstacle towards the implementation of high precision interferometric measurements and phase shift based communication channels. Here we present a nearly optimal interferometric scheme based on homodyne…

We present a quantum optics approach for describing stimulated parametric down conversion in the two type-I crystal "sandwich" configuration, which allows for parametric interaction of vector vortex beams. We analyze the conditions for…