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We summarise popular methods used for skill rating in competitive sports, along with their inferential paradigms and introduce new approaches based on sequential Monte Carlo and discrete hidden Markov models. We advocate for a state-space…

Applications · Statistics 2024-08-20 Samuel Duffield , Samuel Power , Lorenzo Rimella

This paper presents a study on the prediction of outcomes in matches of the electronic game League of Legends (LoL) using machine learning techniques. With the aim of exploring the ability to predict real-time results, considering different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jailson B. S. Junior , Claudio E. C. Campelo

In basketball and hockey, state-of-the-art player value statistics are often variants of Adjusted Plus-Minus (APM). But APM hasn't had the same impact in soccer, since soccer games are low scoring with a low number of substitutions. In…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-19 Francesca Matano , Lee F. Richardson , Taylor Pospisil , Collin Eubanks , Jining Qin

Matchmaking systems are vital for creating fair matches in online multiplayer games, which directly affects players' satisfactions and game experience. Most of the matchmaking systems largely rely on precise estimation of players' game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Chaoyun Zhang , Kai Wang , Hao Chen , Ge Fan , Yingjie Li , Lifang Wu , Bingchao Zheng

Technology has had an unquestionable impact on the way people watch sports. Along with this technological evolution has come a higher standard to ensure a good viewing experience for the casual sports fan. It can be argued that the…

Applications · Statistics 2011-10-12 Gagan Sidhu

We study the effects of randomness on competitions based on an elementary random process in which there is a finite probability that a weaker team upsets a stronger team. We apply this model to sports leagues and sports tournaments, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-04-02 E. Ben-Naim , N. W. Hengartner , S. Redner , F. Vazquez

This project aims to assess the performance of various regression models in predicting the performance of hockey players. The measure of performance is chosen to be points scored (sum of goals scored and assists made) by individual players…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Shuja Khalid

The advent of artificial intelligence has propelled AI-Generated Game Commentary (AI-GGC) into a rapidly expanding field, offering benefits such as unlimited availability and personalized narration. However, current researches in this area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qirui Zheng , Xingbo Wang , Keyuan Cheng , Muhammad Asif Ali , Yunlong Lu , Wenxin Li

In this paper a new heuristic optimization algorithm has been introduced based on the performance of the major football leagues within each season in EU countries. The algorithm starts with an initial population including three different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-18 Erfan Khaji

We propose a new mathematical model for the decision-making of players in football (soccer) and the efficiency of the game style. Our approach is based on $4$-networks, which is a mathematical concept that we introduce. The decision of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Brahim Boudine

Individual performance metrics are commonly used to compare players from different eras. However, such cross-era comparison is often biased due to significant changes in success factors underlying player achievement rates (e.g. performance…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-21 Alexander M. Petersen , Orion Penner

Discussions on outstanding---positively and/or negatively---athletes are common practice. The rapidly grown amount of collected sports data now allow to support such discussions with state of the art statistical methodology. Given a…

Applications · Statistics 2011-10-11 Manuel J. A. Eugster

Competitive online games use rating systems for matchmaking; progression-based algorithms that estimate the skill level of players with interpretable ratings in terms of the outcome of the games they played. However, the overall experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Arman Dehpanah , Muheeb Faizan Ghori , Jonathan Gemmell , Bamshad Mobasher

Decision making in modern large-scale and complex systems such as communication networks, smart electricity grids, and cyber-physical systems motivate novel game-theoretic approaches. This paper investigates big strategic (non-cooperative)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Tansu Alpcan , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Christopher Leckie

We propose a way of extracting and aggregating per-move evaluations from sets of Go game records. The evaluations capture different aspects of the games such as played patterns or statistic of sente/gote sequences. Using machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Josef Moudřík , Petr Baudiš , Roman Neruda

In the four major North American professional sports (baseball, basketball, football, and hockey), the primary purpose of the regular season is to determine which teams most deserve to advance to the playoffs. Interestingly, while the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-01-29 Julian Wolfson , Joseph S. Koopmeiners

Algorithmic statistics considers the following problem: given a binary string $x$ (e.g., some experimental data), find a "good" explanation of this data. It uses algorithmic information theory to define formally what is a good explanation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Alexey Milovanov

To analyze the movements and to study the trajectories of players is a crucial need for a team when it looks to improve its chances of winning a match or to understand its performances. State of the art tracking systems now produce…

Applications · Statistics 2016-12-01 Rodolfo Metulini

There is a broad consensus that the inability to form long-term plans is one of the key limitations of current foundational models and agents. However, the existing planning benchmarks remain woefully inadequate to truly measure their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Michael Katz , Harsha Kokel , Sarath Sreedharan

To take the esports scene to the next level, we introduce PandaSkill, a framework for assessing player performance and skill rating. Traditional rating systems like Elo and TrueSkill often overlook individual contributions and face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Maxime De Bois , Flora Parmentier , Raphaël Puget , Matthew Tanti , Jordan Peltier