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Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

Optimizing operational set points for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems is crucial for ensuring efficient power distribution and control. This paper presents an enhanced…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-07 Hongjin Du , Rashmi Prasad , Aleksandra Lekic , Pedro P. Vergara , Peter Palensky

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

How much data is needed to optimally schedule distributed energy resources (DERs)? Does the distribution system operator (DSO) have to know load demands at each bus of the feeder to solve an optimal power flow (OPF)? This work exploits…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Vassilis Kekatos , Ridley Annin , Manish K. Singh , Junjie Qin

In recent years, several applications have been proposed in the context of distribution networks. Many of these can be formulated as an optimal power flow problem, a mathematical optimization program which includes a model of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Sander Claeys , Frederik Geth , Geert Deconinck

HVDC is a critically important technology for the large-scale integration of renewable resources such as offshore wind farms. Currently, only point-to-point and multi-terminal HVDC connections exist in real-life operation. However, with the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Chandra Kant Jat , Jay Dave , Dirk Van Hertem , Hakan Ergun

Direct-current microgrids (DC-MGs) can operate in either grid-connected or stand-alone mode. In particular, stand-alone DC-MG has many distinct applications. However, the optimal power flow problem of a stand-alone DC-MG is inherently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Jia Li , Feng Liu , Zhaojian Wang , Steven H Low , Shengwei Mei

In this paper, we develop a distributionally robust chance-constrained formulation of the Optimal Power Flow problem (OPF) whereby the system operator can leverage contextual information. For this purpose, we exploit an ambiguity set based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Adrián Esteban-Pérez , Juan M. Morales

This paper explores the integration of renewable energy sources into power systems, highlighting the resulting complexities such as variability and intermittency that challenge traditional power flow dynamics. We delve into innovative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-13 Zigang Chen

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem determines power generation/demand that minimize a certain objective such as generation cost or power loss. It is nonconvex. We prove that, for radial networks, after shrinking its feasible set slightly,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Lingwen Gan , Na Li , Ufuk Topcu , Steven H. Low

The mitigation of unbalanced grid voltages or currents by voltage source converters results in power ripple on the dc link, and is a key converter design parameter due to hardware or stability considerations. Despite the importance of this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Matthew Deakin , Rahmat Heidari , Xu Deng

In this paper, a novel quadratic convex optimal power flow model, namely, MDOPF, is proposed to determine the optimal dispatches of distributed generators. Based on the results of MDOPF, two price mechanisms, distribution locational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-07 Tianshu Yang , Ye Guo , Lirong Deng , Hongbin Sun , Wenchuan Wu

This paper presents a convex, multi-period, AC-feasible Optimal Power Flow (OPF) framework that robustly dispatches flexible demand-side resources in unbalanced distribution feeders against uncertainty in very-short timescale solar…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Nawaf Nazir , Mads Almassalkhi

AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) is a fundamental problem in power system operations. Accurately modeling the network physics via the AC power flow equations makes AC OPF a challenging nonconvex problem. To search for global optima, recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn , Katherine R. Davis , Mariesa L. Crow

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is increasing dramatically. Due to the uncertainty of DERs, the operation of the distribution system is facing higher risks and challenges. To overcome such challenges, a two-stage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-07 Mingyue He , Zahra Soltani , Mojdeh Khorsand

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs) in distribution networks underscores the need for secure, computationally efficient optimal power flow (OPF) solutions.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Savvas Panagi , Chrysovalantis Spanias , Petros Aristidou

The AC Optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most fundamental problems in power systems engineering. For the past decades, researchers have been relying on unproven heuristics to tackle OPF. The hardness of OPF stems from two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Majid Khonji , Sid Chi-Kin Chau , Khaled Elbassion

The DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) problem is fundamental to power system operations, requiring rapid solutions for real-time grid management. While traditional optimization solvers provide optimal solutions, their computational cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Kshitiz Khanal

This paper focuses on an AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for distribution feeders equipped with controllable distributed energy resources (DERs). We consider a solution method that is based on a continuous approximation of the projected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Damola Ajeyemi , Yiting Chen , Antonin Colot , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

With massive penetrations of active grid-edge technologies, distributed computing and optimization paradigm has gained significant attention to solve distribution-level optimal power flow (OPF) problems. However, the application of generic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-23 Rabayet Sadnan , Anamika Dubey