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Hardware Trojan detection and protection is becoming more crucial as more untrusted third parties manufacture many parts of critical systems nowadays. The most common way to detect hardware Trojans is comparing the untrusted design with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Amr Alanwar , Mona A. Aboelnaga , Yousra Alkabani , M. Watheq El-Kharashi , Hassan Bedour

Economic and operational advantages have led the supply chain of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to incorporate various untrusted entities. Any of the untrusted entities are capable of introducing malicious alterations to facilitate a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Tamzidul Hoque , Shuo Yang , Aritra Bhattacharyay , Jonathan Cruz , Swarup Bhunia

This paper reports a novel approach that uses transistor aging in an integrated circuit (IC) to detect hardware Trojans. When a transistor is aged, it results in delays along several paths of the IC. This increase in delay results in timing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Virinchi Roy Surabhi , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Hussam Amrouch , Kanad Basu , Jörg Henkel , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Industrial Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) often comprise hundreds of thousands to millions of nets and millions to tens of millions of connectivity edges, making empirical evaluation of hardware-Trojan (HT) detectors on realistic designs both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaroslav Popryho , Debjit Pal , Inna Partin-Vaisband

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or insertion of…

With increasingly sophisticated cyber-adversaries able to access a wider repertoire of mechanisms to implant malware such as ransomware, CPU/GPU keyloggers, and stealthy kernel rootkits, there is an urgent need for techniques to detect and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Farshad Khorrami , Ramesh Karri , Prashanth Krishnamurthy

Timely detection of Hardware Trojans (HTs) has become a major challenge for secure integrated circuits. We present a run-time methodology for HT detection that employs a multi-parameter statistical traffic modeling of the communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Faiq Khalid , Syed Rafay Hasan , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

The threat of inserting hardware Trojans during the design, production, or in-field poses a danger for integrated circuits in real-world applications. A particular critical case of hardware Trojans is the malicious manipulation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Maik Ender , Pawel Swierczynski , Sebastian Wallat , Matthias Wilhelm , Paul Martin Knopp , Christof Paar

The commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) component based ecosystem provides an attractive system design paradigm due to the drastic reduction in development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, it brings in a growing concern of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Mahmudul Hasan , Jonathan Cruz , Prabuddha Chakraborty , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

We present a kernel-level infrastructure that allows system-wide detection of malicious applications attempting to exploit cache-based side-channel attacks to break the process confinement enforced by standard operating systems. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Stefano Carnà , Serena Ferracci , Francesco Quaglia , Alessandro Pellegrini

Hardware Trojans are malicious modifications in digital designs that can be inserted by untrusted supply chain entities. Hardware Trojans can give rise to diverse attack vectors such as information leakage (e.g. MOLES Trojan) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Tanzim Mahfuz , Pravin Gaikwad , Tasneem Suha , Swarup Bhunia , Prabuddha Chakraborty

The massive trend toward embedded systems introduces new security threats to prevent. Malicious firmware makes it easier to launch cyberattacks against embedded systems. Systems infected with malicious firmware maintain the appearance of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Md Sadik Awal , Christopher Thompson , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Many design companies have gone fabless and rely on external fabrication facilities to produce chips due to increasing cost of semiconductor manufacturing. However, not all of these facilities can be considered trustworthy; some may inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kevin Kwiat , Jason Kulick , Paul Ratazzi

The recent surge in hardware security is significant due to offshoring the proprietary Intellectual property (IP). One distinct dimension of the disruptive threat is malicious logic insertion, also known as Hardware Trojan (HT). HT subverts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sheikh Ariful Islam , Farha Islam Mime , S M Asaduzzaman , Farzana Islam

Chip manufacturing is a complex process, and to achieve a faster time to market, an increasing number of untrusted third-party tools and designs from around the world are being utilized. The use of these untrusted third party intellectual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kiran Thorat , Amit Hasan , Caiwen Ding , Zhijie Shi

Always-on hardware Trojans pose a serious challenge to integrated circuit trust, as they remain active during normal operation and are difficult to detect in post-deployment settings without trusted golden references. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mahsa Tahghigh , Hassan Salmani

Side-channel attacks have become a severe threat to the confidentiality of computer applications and systems. One popular type of such attacks is the microarchitectural attack, where the adversary exploits the hardware features to break the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Xiaoxuan Lou , Tianwei Zhang , Jun Jiang , Yinqian Zhang

Third-party intellectual property cores are essential building blocks of modern system-on-chip and integrated circuit designs. However, these design components usually come from vendors of different trust levels and may contain undocumented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wei Hu , Beibei Li , Lingjuan Wu , Yiwei Li , Xuefei Li , Liang Hong

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many security threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or…

Design companies often outsource their integrated circuit (IC) fabrication to third parties where ICs are susceptible to malicious acts such as the insertion of a side-channel hardware trojan horse (SCT). In this paper, we present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Tiago Perez , Malik Imran , Pablo Vaz , Samuel Pagliarini