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Optical properties of materials related to light absorption and scattering are explained by the excitation of electrons. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is the state-of-the-art approach to describe these processes from first principles (ab…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-21 Peter Benner , Carolin Penke

The Bethe-Salpeter formalism represents the most accurate method available nowadays for computing neutral excitation energies and optical spectra of crystalline systems from first principles. Bethe-Salpeter calculations yield very good…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-05-04 Yannick Gillet , Matteo Giantomassi , Xavier Gonze

The GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) formalism is a well-established approach for calculating excitation energies and optical spectra of molecules, nanostructures, and crystalline materials. We implement GW-BSE in the CP2K code and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Maximilian Graml , Jan Wilhelm

The calculated quasiparticle band structure of bulk hexagonal boron nitride using the all-electron GW approximation shows that this compound is an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. The solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-11 B. Arnaud , S. Lebègue , P. Rabiller , M. Alouani

We present an approach to calculate the optical absorption spectra that combines the quasiparticle self-consistent GW method [Phys. Rev. B, 76 165106 (2007)] for the electronic structure with the solution of the ladder approximation to the…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-03-21 Brian Cunningham , Pooya Azarhoosh , Dimitar Pashov , Myrta Gruening , Mark van Schilfgaarde

We adapted a recently proposed framework to characterize the optical response of interacting electrons in solids in order to expedite its computation without compromise in accuracy at the microscopic level. Our formulation is based on…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-03-02 Emilia Ridolfi , Paolo E. Trevisanutto , Vitor M. Pereira

We present a screened exact-exchange (SXX) method for the efficient and accurate calculation of the optical properties of solids, where the screening is achieved through the zero-wavevector limit of the inverse dielectric function. The SXX…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-01-23 Zeng-hui Yang , Francesco Sottile , Carsten A. Ullrich

The Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) can be applied to compute from first-principles optical spectra that include the effects of screened electron-hole interactions. As input, BSE calculations require single-particle states, quasiparticle…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-01-01 Joshua Elliott , Nicola Colonna , Margherita Marsili , Nicola Marzari , Paolo Umari

The Bethe-Salpeter equation for the electron-hole correlation function is the state-of-the-art formalism for optical and core spectroscopy in condensed matter. Solutions of this equation yield the full dielectric response, including both…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-12 Christian Vorwerk , Benjamin Aurich , Caterina Cocchi , Claudia Draxl

Based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation eigenstates, we present a first-principles many-body formalism for calculating the two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient of semiconductors. We apply this formalism to calculate the TPA spectra of MoS2…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-06-02 You-Zhao Lan , Xiao-Hu Bao

Computing excitonic spectra in quasicrystal and super-moir\'e systems constitutes a formidable challenge due to the exceptional size of the excitonic Hilbert space. Here, we demonstrate a tensor-network method for the real-space…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-11 Anouar Moustaj , Yitao Sun , Tiago V. C. Antão , Lumen Eek , Jose L. Lado

Optical data is encoded with information on the microscopic interaction between charge carriers. For an electron-phonon system, the Eliashberg equations apply and a Kubo formula can be used to get the infrared conductivity. The task of…

Superconductivity · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Schachinger , D. Neuber , J. P. Carbotte

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) based on GW quasiparticle levels is a successful approach for calculating the optical gaps and spectra of solids and also for predicting the neutral excitations of small molecules. We here present an…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-19 Chi Liu , Jan Kloppenburg , Xinguo Ren , Heiko Appel , Yosuke Kanai , Volker Blum

A relation derived from the Kubo formula shows that optical conductivity measurements below the gap frequency in doped semiconductors can be used to probe directly the time-dependent quantum dynamics of charge carriers. This allows to…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-03-17 S. Ciuchi , S. Fratini , D. Mayou

Kubo formula is used to get the d.c conductance of a statistical ensemble of two-dimensional clusters of the square lattice in the presence of standard diagonal disorder, a uniform magnetic field and random magnetic fluxes. Working within a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. A. Verges

We present first-principles many-body perturbation theory calculations of the quasiparticle electronic structure and of the optical response of HfO$_2$ polymorphs. We use the $GW$ approximation including core electrons by the projector…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-11-14 Benoît Sklénard , Alberto Dragoni , François Triozon , Valerio Olevano

We present a real-time propagation method for computing linear and nonlinear optical properties of molecules based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The method follows the time evolution of the one-particle density matrix under an external…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Štěpán Marek , Jan Wilhelm

The Bethe-Salpeter equation plays a crucial role in understanding the physics of correlated fermions, relating to optical excitations in solids as well as resonances in high-energy physics. Yet, it is notoriously difficult to control…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-08-25 Markus Wallerberger , Hiroshi Shinaoka , Anna Kauch

An excitonic approach to the ultrafast optical response of confined semiconductors at elevated densities below the Mott transition is presented. The theory is valid from the coherent regime, where coherent excitonic transitions and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Henry Mittenzwey , Oliver Voigt , Andreas Knorr

The Bethe-Salpeter equation is a widely used approach to describe optical excitations in bulk semiconductors. It leads to spectra that are in very good agreement with experiment, but the price to pay for such accuracy is a very high…