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Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) scheme is the most commonly used algorithm for designing the controllers for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, tuning PID gains is a non trivial task. A number of methods have been developed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-01 Sunsoo Kim , Vedang Deshpande , Raktim Bhattacharya

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is the most widely used in industrial control, robot control and other fields. However, traditional PID control is not competent when the system cannot be accurately modeled and the operating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Xinyi Yu , Yuehai Fan , Siyu Xu , Linlin Ou

This paper develops an adaptive PID autotuner for multicopters, and presents simulation and experimental results. The autotuner consists of adaptive digital control laws based on retrospective cost adaptive control implemented in the PX4…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-28 John Spencer , Joonghyun Lee , Juan Augusto Paredes , Ankit Goel , Dennis Bernstein

Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) control is widely used in industrial control systems. However, up to now there are at least two open problems related with PID control. One is to have a comprehensive understanding of its robustness…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Bo Zhu , Wei Yu , Hugh H. T. Liu

This article proposes a data-driven PID controller design based on the principle of adaptive gain optimization, leveraging Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) generated for predictive modeling purposes. The proposed control design…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Junsei Ito , Yasuaki Wasa

Overall, in any system, the proportional term, integral term, and derivative term combined to produce a fast response time, less overshoot, no oscillations, increased stability, and no steady-state errors. Eliminating the steady state…

Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles into daily use requires controllers that ensure stable flight, efficient energy use, and reduced noise. Proportional integral derivative controllers remain standard but are highly sensitive to gain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Andrea Vaiuso , Gabriele Immordino , Ludovica Onofri , Giuliano Coppotelli , Marcello Righi

A reinforcement learning (RL) based methodology is proposed and implemented for online fine-tuning of PID controller gains, thus, improving quadrotor effective and accurate trajectory tracking. The RL agent is first trained offline on a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-10 Serhat Sönmez , Luca Montecchio , Simone Martini , Matthew J. Rutherford , Alessandro Rizzo , Margareta Stefanovic , Kimon P. Valavanis

In this paper, a novel adaptive tuning method of PID neural network (PIDNN) controller for nonlinear process is proposed. The method utilizes an improved gradient descent method to adjust PIDNN parameters where the margin stability will be…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-12-24 Ali Zribi , Mohamed Chtourou , Mohamed Djemel

Since most industrial control applications use PID controllers, PID tuning and anti-windup measures are significant problems. This paper investigates tuning the feedback gains of a PID controller via back-calculation and automatic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Athindran Ramesh Kumar , Peter J. Ramadge

This paper presents a novel method for enhancing the adaptability of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers in industrial systems using event-based dynamic game theory, which enables the PID controllers to self-learn, optimize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Steve Yuwono , Muhammad Uzair Rana , Dorothea Schwung , Andreas Schwung

This work is an exploratory research concerned with determining in what way reinforcement learning can be used to predict optimal PID parameters for a robot designed for apple harvest. To study this, an algorithm called Advantage Actor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Vivien van Veldhuizen

This work presents a cascaded hybrid control framework for quadrotor trajectory tracking under nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances. In quadrotor systems, the altitude and attitude channels exhibit fast, structured dynamics that are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Yukang Zhang , Shuqi Chai , Yuhang Zhang , Danlan Huang , Quanbo Ge

Reinforcement Learning algorithms have recently been proposed to learn time-sequential control policies in the field of autonomous driving. Direct applications of Reinforcement Learning algorithms with discrete action space will yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Pin Wang , Hanhan Li , Ching-Yao Chan

A variety of control systems have been proposed for aircraft autopilot systems. Traditional approaches such as proportional controller and conventional PID (CPID) controller are widely used. PID controller has a good static performance…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-12 Nima Beygi , Maani Beigy , Mehdi Siahi

In this paper, we will consider a class of continuous-time stochastic control systems with both unknown nonlinear structure and unknown disturbances, and investigate the capability of the classical proportional-integral-derivative(PID)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Cheng Zhao , Shuo Yuan

Despite the effectiveness of deep neural networks in numerous natural language processing applications, recent findings have exposed the vulnerability of these language models when minor perturbations are introduced. While appearing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zhuotong Chen , Zihu Wang , Yifan Yang , Qianxiao Li , Zheng Zhang

Classical PID control is widely applied in an engineering system, with parameter regulation relying on a method like Trial - Error Tuning or the Ziegler - Nichols rule, mainly for a Single - Input Single - Output (SISO) system. However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Zimao Sheng , Hong'an Yang

PID control architectures are widely used in industrial applications. Despite their low number of open parameters, tuning multiple, coupled PID controllers can become tedious in practice. In this paper, we extend PILCO, a model-based policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Andreas Doerr , Duy Nguyen-Tuong , Alonso Marco , Stefan Schaal , Sebastian Trimpe

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers have been widely used in the process industry. However, the satisfactory control performance of a PID controller depends strongly on the tuning parameters. Conventional PID tuning methods…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-06 Myisha A. Chowdhury , Qiugang Lu
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