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A covariant quantization method for physical systems with reducible constraints is presented.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Stephany , A. Restuccia

Path integrals represent a powerful route to quantization: they calculate probabilities by summing over classical configurations of variables such as fields, assigning each configuration a phase equal to the action of that configuration.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-13 Seth Lloyd , Olaf Dreyer

We consider analytic maps and vector fields defined in $\mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{T}^d$, having a $d$-dimensional invariant torus $\mathcal{T}$. The map (resp. vector field) restricted to $\mathcal{T}$ defines a rotation of frequency…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Clara Cufí-Cabré , Ernest Fontich

In this paper, we explore a ring invariant which is closely related to the Davenport constant of a group. In particular, we will calculate this invariant for a certain class of rings of integers and their orders and use it to understand…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Jared Kettinger

We establish global Gaussian estimates for the Green's matrix of divergence form, second order parabolic systems in a cylindrical domain under the assumption that weak solutions of the system vanishing on a portion of the boundary satisfy a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-01-12 Sungwon Cho , Hongjie Dong , Seick Kim

A new link invariant is derived using the exactly solvable chiral Potts model and a generalized Gaussian summation identity. Starting from a general formulation of link invariants using edge-interaction spin models, we establish the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 F. Y. Wu , P. Pant , C. King

There is a well known one--parameter family of left invariant CR structures on $SU(2)\cong S^3$. We show how purely algebraic methods can be used to explicitly compute the canonical Cartan connections associated to these structures and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-11-09 Andreas Cap

We show that Toda lattices with the exceptional Cartan matrices are Liouville type systems. For these systems of equations, we obtain explicit formulas for the invariants and generalized Laplace invariants.

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Guryeva , A. V. Zhiber

A complete solution to the multiplier version of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations is given for a class of hyperbolic systems of second-order partial differential equations in two independent variables. The necessary and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-10-16 Matt Biesecker

We present a method for constructing gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations which are gauge-invariant up to second order. As an example we give the gauge-invariant definition of the second-order curvature perturbation on uniform density…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Karim A Malik , David Wands

We study some homological invariants of a given generalized bound path algebra in terms of those of the algebras used in its construction. We discuss the particular case where the algebra is a generalized path algebra and give conditions…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Viktor Chust , Flávio U. Coelho

This paper is a continuation of [2], where we complete our partial proof of the Deser-Schwimmer conjecture on the structure of ``global conformal invariants''. Our theorem deals with such invariants P(g^n) that locally depend only on the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Spyros Alexakis

We construct algorithms and topological invariants that allow us to distinguish the topological type of a surface, as well as functions and vector fields for their topological equivalence. In the first part (arXiv:2501.15657), we discused…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Alexandr Prishlyak

In this paper we introduce a novel polynomial-time algorithm to compute graph invariants based on the modified random walk idea on graphs. However not proved to be a full graph invariant by now, our method gives the right answer for the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-24 Alexander Gamkrelidze , Gunter Hotz , Levan Varamashvili

We develop a $GL_{qp}(2)$ invariant differential calculus on a two-dimensional noncommutative quantum space. Here the co-ordinate space for the exterior quantum plane is spanned by the differentials that are commutative (bosonic) in nature.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. P. Malik , A. K. Mishra , G. Rajasekaran

The goal of the present paper is to investigate the algebraic structure of global conformal invariants of submanifolds. These are defined to be conformally invariant integrals of geometric scalars of the tangent and normal bundle. A famous…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-12 Andrea Mondino , Huy The Nguyen

The paper deals with a construction of a separating system of rational invariants for finite dimensional generic algebras. In the process of dealing an approach to a rough classification of finite dimensional algebras is offered by…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-01-17 U. Bekbaev

A topological invariant of a polynomial map $p:X\to B$ from a complex surface containing a curve $C\subset X$ to a one-dimensional base is given by a rational second homology class in the compactification of the moduli space of genus $g$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Paul Norbury

Gauge-invariant treatments of general-relativistic higher-order perturbations on generic background spacetime is proposed. We show the fact that the linear-order metric perturbation is decomposed into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 Kouji Nakamura

An enumerative invariant theory in Algebraic Geometry, Differential Geometry, or Representation Theory, is the study of invariants which 'count' $\tau$-(semi)stable objects $E$ with fixed topological invariants $[E]=\alpha$ in some…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-26 Jacob Gross , Dominic Joyce , Yuuji Tanaka