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We study the gauge invariant cosmological perturbations up to second order. We show that there are infinite families of gauge invariant variables at both of the first and second orders. The conversion formulae among different families are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu

We describe how to construct and compute unambiguously path integrals for particles moving in a curved space, and how these path integrals can be used to calculate Feynman graphs and effective actions for various quantum field theories with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Fiorenzo Bastianelli

We formulate a variational fictitious-time flow which drives an initial guess torus to a torus invariant under given dynamics. The method is general and applies in principle to continuous time flows and discrete time maps in arbitrary…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-05-29 Yueheng Lan , Cristel Chandre , Predrag Cvitanovic

This is the lecture 2 of a mini-course of 4 lectures. Our purpose of this mini-curse is to explain some ideas of E. Cartan and S. Lie when we study differential geometry, particularly we will to explain the Cartan reduction method. The…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-09-06 J. R. Arteaga , M. Malakhaltsev

Toric differential inclusions occur as key dynamical systems in the context of the Global Attractor Conjecture. We introduce the notions of minimal invariant regions and minimal globally attracting regions for toric differential inclusions.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-06-17 Yida Ding , Abhishek Deshpande , Gheorghe Craciun

The fractional quantization of singular systems with second order Lagrangian is examined. The fractional singular Lagrangian is presented. The equations of motion are written as total differential equations within fractional calculus. Also,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Eyad Hasan Hasan , Osama Abdalla Abu-Haija

This note presents a formula for the enumerative invariants of arbitrary genus in toric surfaces. The formula computes the number of curves of a given genus through a collection of generic points in the surface. The answer is given in terms…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Grigory Mikhalkin

By choosing an unconventional polarization of the connection phase space in (2+1)-gravity on the torus, a modular invariant quantum theory is constructed. Unitary equivalence to the ADM-quantization is shown.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Peter Peldan

A geometric approach to Sundman transformation defined by basic functions for systems of second-order differential equations is developed and the necessity of a change of the tangent structure by means of the function defining the Sundman…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 José F. Cariñena , Eduardo Martínez , Miguel C. Muñoz-Lecanda

Splitting invariants describe how a plane curve "splits" by the pull-back under a Galois cover over the projective plane whose branch locus contains no component of the plane curve. They enable us to distinguish the embedded topology of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Taketo Shirane

This is the fifth in a series of papers where we prove a conjecture of Deser and Schwimmer regarding the algebraic structure of ``global conformal invariants''; these are defined to be conformally invariant integrals of geometric scalars.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-12-21 Spyros Alexakis

The knot coloring polynomial defined by Eisermann for a finite pointed group is generalized to an infinite pointed group as the longitudinal mapping invariant of a knot. In turn this can be thought of as a generalization of the quandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-02-27 W. Edwin Clark , Masahico Saito

We compute the algebra of differential invariants of unparametrized curves in the homogeneous G(2) flag varieties, namely in G(2)/P. This gives a solution to the equivalence problem for such curves. We consider the cases of integral and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-09 Boris Kruglikov , Andreu Llabrés

We describe the algebra of finite order invariants on the set of all $(n,2)$-torus knots.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Svetlana Tyurina , Alexander Varchenko

Eliminating the arbitrary coefficients in the equation of a generic plane curve of order $n$ by computing sufficiently many derivatives, one obtains a differential equation. This is a projective invariant. The first one, corresponding to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alain Lascoux

We consider non-infinitesimal deformations of G2-structures on 7-dimensional manifolds and derive an exact expression for the torsion of the deformed G2-structure. We then specialize to a case when the deformation is defined by a vector v…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-02-16 Sergey Grigorian

In the article we discuss the notion of the generalized invariant manifold introduced in our previous study. In the literature the method of the differential constraints is well known as a tool for constructing particular solutions for the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2021-07-08 I. T. Habibullin , A. R. Khakimova , A. O. Smirnov

INTRODUCTION This papers deals with partial differential equations of second order, linear, with constant and not constant coefficients, in two variables, which admit real characteristics. I face the study of PDEs with the mentality of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-11-06 Andrea Pezzi

A common technique for verifying the safety of complex systems is the inductive invariant method. Inductive invariants are inductive formulas that overapproximate the reachable states of a system and imply a desired safety property.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ian Dardik , Eunsuk Kang

A new global approach in the study of duality transformations is introduced. The geometrical structure of complex line bundles is generalized to higher order U(1) bundles which are classified by quantized charges and duality maps are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 M. I. Caicedo , I. Martin , A. Restuccia