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Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to have limited extrapolation ability beyond their pre-trained context window, constraining their application in downstream tasks with lengthy inputs. Recent studies have sought to extend LLMs' context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yikai Zhang , Junlong Li , Pengfei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained with a pre-defined context length, restricting their use in scenarios requiring long inputs. Previous efforts for adapting LLMs to a longer length usually requires fine-tuning with this target length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Dawei Zhu , Nan Yang , Liang Wang , Yifan Song , Wenhao Wu , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

The extrapolation capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Rotary Position Embedding is currently a topic of considerable interest. The mainstream approach to addressing extrapolation with LLMs involves modifying RoPE by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Xiaoran Liu , Hang Yan , Shuo Zhang , Chenxin An , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

Scaling the rotary position embedding (RoPE) has become a common method for extending the context window of RoPE-based large language models (LLMs). However, existing scaling methods often rely on empirical approaches and lack a profound…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yingsheng Wu , Yuxuan Gu , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Dongliang Xu , Qing Yang , Hongtao Liu , Bing Qin

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) typically have a limited context window, resulting in significant performance degradation when processing text beyond the length of the context window. Extensive studies have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zican Dong , Junyi Li , Xin Men , Wayne Xin Zhao , Bingbing Wang , Zhen Tian , Weipeng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are pioneering advances in many natural language processing tasks, however, their exceptional capabilities are restricted within the preset context window of Transformer. Position Embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Guanzheng Chen , Xin Li , Zaiqiao Meng , Shangsong Liang , Lidong Bing

Large context window is a desirable feature in large language models (LLMs). However, due to high fine-tuning costs, scarcity of long texts, and catastrophic values introduced by new token positions, current extended context windows are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yiran Ding , Li Lyna Zhang , Chengruidong Zhang , Yuanyuan Xu , Ning Shang , Jiahang Xu , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Linear position interpolation helps pre-trained models using rotary position embeddings (RoPE) to extrapolate to longer sequence lengths. We propose using linear position interpolation to extend the extrapolation range of models using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Faisal Al-Khateeb , Nolan Dey , Daria Soboleva , Joel Hestness

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to process and generate coherent context when the number of input tokens exceeds the pre-trained length. Recent advancements in long-context extension have significantly expanded the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yi Lu , Wanxu Zhao , Xin Zhou , Chenxin An , Chenglong Wang , Shuo Li , Yuming Yang , Jun Zhao , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Embedding models play a pivot role in modern NLP applications such as IR and RAG. While the context limit of LLMs has been pushed beyond 1 million tokens, embedding models are still confined to a narrow context window not exceeding 8k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dawei Zhu , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Yifan Song , Wenhao Wu , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

Diffusion LLMs have attracted growing interest, with plenty of recent work emphasizing their great potential in various downstream tasks; yet the long-context behavior of diffusion LLMs remains largely uncharted. We present a case study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guangxin He , Shen Nie , Fengqi Zhu , Yuankang Zhao , Tianyi Bai , Ran Yan , Jie Fu , Chongxuan Li , Binhang Yuan

Enabling LLMs to handle lengthy context is currently a research hotspot. Most LLMs are built upon rotary position embedding (RoPE), a popular position encoding method. Therefore, a prominent path is to extrapolate the RoPE trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Meizhi Zhong , Chen Zhang , Yikun Lei , Xikai Liu , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) have been shown to effectively encode positional information in transformer-based language models. However, these models fail to generalize past the sequence length they were trained on. We present YaRN…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bowen Peng , Jeffrey Quesnelle , Honglu Fan , Enrico Shippole

LongRoPE2 is a novel approach that extends the effective context window of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to the target length, while preserving the performance on the original shorter context window. This is achieved by three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ning Shang , Li Lyna Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Gaokai Zhang , Gilsinia Lopez , Fan Yang , Weizhu Chen , Mao Yang

Addressing the limitation of context length in large language models for code-related tasks is the primary focus of this paper. Existing LLMs are constrained by their pre-trained context lengths, leading to performance issues in handling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Zhi Jin

Extending LLM context windows is crucial for long range tasks. RoPE-based position interpolation (PI) methods like linear and frequency-aware scaling extend input lengths without retraining, while post-training quantization (PTQ) enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ye Qiao , Sitao Huang

Self-attention and position embedding are two key modules in transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the potential relationship between them is far from well studied, especially for long context window extending. In fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Shiyi Zhu , Jing Ye , Wei Jiang , Siqiao Xue , Qi Zhang , Yifan Wu , Jianguo Li

Extending large language models (LLMs) to process longer inputs is crucial for a wide range of applications. However, the substantial computational cost of transformers and limited generalization of positional encoding restrict the size of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Howard Yen , Tianyu Gao , Danqi Chen

In the realm of large-scale language models, a significant challenge arises when extrapolating sequences beyond the maximum allowable length. This is because the model's position embedding mechanisms are limited to positions encountered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yui Oka , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito

Large Language Diffusion Models, or diffusion LLMs, have emerged as a significant focus in NLP research, with substantial effort directed toward understanding their scalability and downstream task performance. However, their long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiaoran Liu , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu
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