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The electrical grid consists of legacy systems that were built with no security in mind. As we move towards the Industry 4.0 area though, a high-degree of automation and connectivity provides: 1) fast and flexible configuration and updates…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alexios Lekidis

While the increasing penetration of information and communication technology into distribution grid brings numerous benefits, it also opens up a new threat landscape, particularly through cyberattacks. To provide a basis for countermeasures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Ömer Sen , Florian Schmidtke , Federico Carere , Francesca Santori , Andreas Ulbig , Antonello Monti

With the increasing adoption of Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment pipelines, securing software supply chains has become a critical challenge for modern DevOps teams. This study addresses these challenges by applying a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sowmiya Dhandapani

The power grid is a critical infrastructure that plays a vital role in modern society. Its availability is of utmost importance, as a loss can endanger human lives. However, with the increasing digitalization of the power grid, it also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Ömer Sen , Bozhidar Ivanov , Martin Henze , Andreas Ulbig

Modern-day power systems have become increasingly cyber-physical due to the ongoing developments to the grid that include the rise of distributed energy generation and the increase of the deployment of many cyber devices for monitoring and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-06 Leen Al Homoud , Katherine Davis , Shamina Hossain-McKenzie , Nicholas Jacobs

Malicious attacks in the power system can eventually result in a large-scale cascade failure if not attended on time. These attacks, which are traditionally classified into \emph{physical} and \emph{cyber attacks}, can be avoided by using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-26 Hwei-Ming Chung , Wen-Tai Li , Chau Yuen , Wei-Ho Chung , Yan Zhang , Chao-Kai Wen

Cybersecurity is one of the most pressing technological challenges of our time and requires measures from all sectors of society. A key measure is automated security response, which enables automated mitigation and recovery from cyber…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Kim Hammar

Power grids vulnerability is a key issue in society. A component failure may trigger cascades of failures across the grid and lead to a large blackout. Complex network approaches have shown a direction to study some of the problems faced by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-04-22 Trivik Verma , Wendy Ellens , Robert E. Kooij

The smart grid is a large-scale complex system that integrates communication technologies with the physical layer operation of the energy systems. Security and resilience mechanisms by design are important to provide guarantee operations…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Quanyan Zhu

Electric power grids are at risk of being compromised by high-impact cyber-security threats such as coordinated, timed attacks. Navigating this new threat landscape requires a deep understanding of the potential risks and complex attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Ömer Sen , Dennis van der Velde , Katharina A. Wehrmeister , Immanuel Hacker , Martin Henze , Michael Andres

To address growing cybersecurity challenges in modern power dispatch systems, this paper proposes a multi-layer modeling and optimization framework for SCADA systems enhanced with quantum key distribution (QKD). While most existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Ziqing Zhu

The increasing critical dependencies on Internetof-Things (IoT) have raised security concerns; its application on the critical infrastructures (CIs) for power generation has come under massive cyber-attack over the years. Prior research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Henry Matey Akwetey , Paul Danquah , Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi

Increasingly Industrial Control Systems (ICS) systems are being connected to the Internet to minimise the operational costs and provide additional flexibility. These control systems such as the ones used in power grids, manufacturing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Uday Tupakula , Vijay Varadharajan , Kallol Krishna Karmakar

To mitigate the vulnerability of distribution grids to severe weather events, some electric utilities use preemptive de-energization as the primary line of defense, causing significant power outages. In such instances, networked microgrids…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Hannah Moring , Harsha Nagarajan , Kshitij Girigoudar , David M. Fobes , Johanna L. Mathieu

This paper outlines a cyber-physical authentication strategy to protect power system infrastructure against false data injection (FDI) attacks. We demonstrate that it is feasible to use small, low-cost, yet highly attack-resistant security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-02 Martin Higgins , Keith Mayes , Fei Teng

Traditional control environments connected to physical systems are being upgraded with novel information and communication technologies. The resulting systems need to be adequately protected. Experimental testbeds are crucial for the study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Jose Rubio-Hernan , Juan Rodolfo-Mejias , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

Cyber Essentials (CE) comprise a set of controls designed to protect organisations, irrespective of their size, against cyber attacks. The controls are firewalls, secure configuration, user access control, malware protection & security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Priyanka Badva , Partha Das Chowdhury , Kopo M. Ramokapane , Barnaby Craggs , Awais Rashid

Smart local energy system (SLES) is considered as a promising pathway facilitating a more effective and localised operation, benefited from the complex information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and Internet of things…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Siyuan Dong , Jun Cao , Zhong Fan

Due to the nature of distributed secondary control paradigm, DC microgrids are prone to malicious cyber-physical attacks, which could be unbounded to maximize their damage. Existing resilient secondary control methods addressing unbounded…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Yichao Wang , Mohamadamin Rajabinezhad , Omar A. Beg , Shan Zuo

Recently, frequency security is challenged by high uncertainty and low inertia in power system with high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In the context of Unit Commitment (UC) problems, frequency security constraints…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Zhuoxuan Li , Zhongda Chu , Fei Teng