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Traditional evaluation metrics for textual and visual question answering, like ROUGE, METEOR, and Exact Match (EM), focus heavily on n-gram based lexical similarity, often missing the deeper semantic understanding needed for accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Shrikant Kendre , Austin Xu , Honglu Zhou , Michael Ryoo , Shafiq Joty , Juan Carlos Niebles

Modern image captioning models are usually trained with text similarity objectives. However, since reference captions in public datasets often describe the most salient common objects, models trained with text similarity objectives tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Jaemin Cho , Seunghyun Yoon , Ajinkya Kale , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui , Mohit Bansal

Image captioning, a popular topic in computer vision, has achieved substantial progress in recent years. However, the distinctiveness of natural descriptions is often overlooked in previous work. It is closely related to the quality of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Bo Dai , Dahua Lin

State-of-the-art approaches for image captioning require supervised training data consisting of captions with paired image data. These methods are typically unable to use unsupervised data such as textual data with no corresponding images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Wenhu Chen , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Humor, deeply rooted in societal meanings and cultural details, poses a unique challenge for machines. While advances have been made in natural language processing, real-world humor often thrives in a multi-modal context, encapsulated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuyan Chen , Songzhou Yan , Zhihong Zhu , Zhixu Li , Yanghua Xiao

Semantic compression, a compression scheme where the distortion metric, typically MSE, is replaced with semantic fidelity metrics, tends to become more and more popular. Most recent semantic compression schemes rely on the foundation model…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-09 Tom Bachard , Thomas Maugey

Curation methods for massive vision-language datasets trade off between dataset size and quality. However, even the highest quality of available curated captions are far too short to capture the rich visual detail in an image. To show the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jack Urbanek , Florian Bordes , Pietro Astolfi , Mary Williamson , Vasu Sharma , Adriana Romero-Soriano

The development of CLIP [Radford et al., 2021] has sparked a debate on whether language supervision can result in vision models with more transferable representations than traditional image-only methods. Our work studies this question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Shibani Santurkar , Yann Dubois , Rohan Taori , Percy Liang , Tatsunori Hashimoto

The image captioning task is about to generate suitable descriptions from images. For this task there can be several challenges such as accuracy, fluency and diversity. However there are few metrics that can cover all these properties while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Chao Zeng , Sam Kwong

We present a novel data-efficient semi-supervised framework to improve the generalization of image captioning models. Constructing a large-scale labeled image captioning dataset is an expensive task in terms of labor, time, and cost. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Dong-Jin Kim , Tae-Hyun Oh , Jinsoo Choi , In So Kweon

This paper presents ScaleCap, an inference-time scalable image captioning strategy that generates comprehensive and detailed image captions. The key challenges of high-quality image captioning lie in the inherent biases of LVLMs: multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Long Xing , Qidong Huang , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Yuhang Zang , Yuhang Cao , Jinsong Li , Shuangrui Ding , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Jiaqi Wang , Feng Wu , Dahua Lin

Linguistic style is an essential part of written communication, with the power to affect both clarity and attractiveness. With recent advances in vision and language, we can start to tackle the problem of generating image captions that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Alexander Mathews , Lexing Xie , Xuming He

Visual captioning aims to generate textual descriptions given images or videos. Traditionally, image captioning models are trained on human annotated datasets such as Flickr30k and MS-COCO, which are limited in size and diversity. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Marimuthu Kalimuthu , Aditya Mogadala , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

Image captioning is a research hotspot where encoder-decoder models combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) achieve promising results. Despite significant progress, these models generate sentences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Hongwei Ge , Zehang Yan , Kai Zhang , Mingde Zhao , Liang Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have enhanced the capacity of vision-language models to caption visual text. This generative approach to image caption enrichment further makes textual captions more descriptive, improving alignment with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yusuke Hirota , Ryo Hachiuma , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Yuta Nakashima

Fine-tuning image captioning models with hand-crafted rewards like the CIDEr metric has been a classical strategy for promoting caption quality at the sequence level. This approach, however, is known to limit descriptiveness and semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Nicholas Moratelli , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

CLIP models perform remarkably well on zero-shot classification and retrieval tasks. But recent studies have shown that learnt representations in CLIP are not well suited for dense prediction tasks like object detection, semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Hadi Pouransari , Fartash Faghri , Oncel Tuzel

Image Captioning for state-of-the-art VLMs has significantly improved over time; however, this comes at the cost of increased computational complexity, making them less accessible for resource-constrained applications such as mobile devices…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Sania Waheed , Na Min An

Accurately describing images with text is a foundation of explainable AI. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have recently addressed this by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, expressing semantic similarities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Pingchuan Ma , Lennart Rietdorf , Dmytro Kotovenko , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Automatically captioning images with natural language sentences is an important research topic. State of the art models are able to produce human-like sentences. These models typically describe the depicted scene as a whole and do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Philipp Harzig , Stephan Brehm , Rainer Lienhart , Carolin Kaiser , René Schallner