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Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem underlying recently standardized post-quantum cryptography (PQC) systems for key exchange and digital signatures. Prior work proposed new machine learning (ML)-based attacks on LWE problems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Samuel Stevens , Emily Wenger , Cathy Li , Niklas Nolte , Eshika Saxena , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem underpinning many proposed post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) systems. The only PQC Key Exchange Mechanism (KEM) standardized by NIST is based on module~LWE, and current publicly available PQ…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Cathy Li , Jana Sotáková , Emily Wenger , Mohamed Malhou , Evrard Garcelon , Francois Charton , Kristin Lauter

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is a hard math problem in lattice-based cryptography. In the simplest case of binary secrets, it is the subset sum problem, with error. Effective ML attacks on LWE were demonstrated in the case of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alberto Alfarano , Eshika Saxena , Emily Wenger , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

Lattice cryptography schemes based on the learning with errors (LWE) hardness assumption have been standardized by NIST for use as post-quantum cryptosystems, and by HomomorphicEncryption.org for encrypted compute on sensitive data. Thus,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Emily Wenger , Eshika Saxena , Mohamed Malhou , Ellie Thieu , Kristin Lauter

Currently deployed public-key cryptosystems will be vulnerable to attacks by full-scale quantum computers. Consequently, "quantum resistant" cryptosystems are in high demand, and lattice-based cryptosystems, based on a hard problem known as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Emily Wenger , Mingjie Chen , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

Sparse binary LWE secrets are under consideration for standardization for Homomorphic Encryption and its applications to private computation. Known attacks on sparse binary LWE secrets include the sparse dual attack and the hybrid sparse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Niklas Nolte , Mohamed Malhou , Emily Wenger , Samuel Stevens , Cathy Li , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

Recent work showed that ML-based attacks on Learning with Errors (LWE), a hard problem used in post-quantum cryptography, outperform classical algebraic attacks in certain settings. Although promising, ML attacks struggle to scale to more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Eshika Saxena , Alberto Alfarano , François Charton , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Emily Wenger , Kristin Lauter

The Ring Learning-With-Errors (RLWE) problem shows great promise for post-quantum cryptography and homomorphic encryption. We describe a new attack on the non-dual search RLWE problem with small error widths, using ring homomorphisms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Hao Chen , Kristin Lauter , Katherine E. Stange

As quantum computing advances rapidly, guaranteeing the security of cryptographic protocols resistant to quantum attacks is paramount. Some leading candidate cryptosystems use the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, attractive for its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Liljana Babinkostova , Ariana Chin , Aaron Kirtland , Vladyslav Nazarchuk , Esther Plotnick

Lattice-based cryptography is a foundation for post-quantum security, with the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem as a core component in key exchange, encryption, and homomorphic computation. Structured variants like Ring-LWE (RLWE) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Dongfang Zhao

We show that the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is classically at least as hard as standard worst-case lattice problems, even with polynomial modulus. Previously this was only known under quantum reductions. Our techniques capture the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Zvika Brakerski , Adeline Langlois , Chris Peikert , Oded Regev , Damien Stehlé

AI-powered attacks on Learning with Errors (LWE), an important hard math problem in post-quantum cryptography, rival or outperform "classical" attacks on LWE under certain parameter settings. Despite the promise of this approach, a dearth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Eshika Saxena , Alberto Alfarano , François Charton , Emily Wenger , Kristin Lauter

Learning with Errors is one of the fundamental problems in computational learning theory and has in the last years become the cornerstone of post-quantum cryptography. In this work, we study the quantum sample complexity of Learning with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Alex B. Grilo , Iordanis Kerenidis , Timo Zijlstra

The advent of quantum computing threatens classical public-key cryptography, motivating NIST's adoption of post-quantum schemes such as those based on the Module Learning With Errors (Module-LWE) problem. We present NoMod ML-Attack, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Cristian Bassotto , Ermes Franch , Marina Krček , Stjepan Picek

The "Ring Learning with Errors" (RLWE) problem was formulated as a variant of the "Learning with Errors" (LWE) problem, with the purpose of taking advantage of an additional algebraic structure in the underlying considered lattices; this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa , Juan Ramón Troncoso-Pastoriza , Fernando Pérez-González

In this paper, we study the Learning With Errors problem and its binary variant, where secrets and errors are binary or taken in a small interval. We introduce a new variant of the Blum, Kalai and Wasserman algorithm, relying on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Paul Kirchner , Pierre-Alain Fouque

At ASIACRYPT 2018, a digital attack based on linear least squares was introduced for a variant of the learning with errors (LWE) problem which omits modular reduction known as the integer learning with errors problem (ILWE). In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kyle Yates , Antsa Pierrottet , Abdullah Al Mamun , Ryann Cartor , Mashrur Chowdhury , Shuhong Gao

Logistic Regression (LR) is the most widely used machine learning model in industry for its efficiency, robustness, and interpretability. Due to the problem of data isolation and the requirement of high model performance, many applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Chaochao Chen , Jun Zhou , Li Wang , Xibin Wu , Wenjing Fang , Jin Tan , Lei Wang , Alex X. Liu , Hao Wang , Cheng Hong

Modern information communications use cryptography to keep the contents of communications confidential. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography, which are public-key cryptosystems, are widely used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Yuri Lucas Direbieski , Hiroki Tanioka , Kenji Matsuura , Hironori Takeuchi , Masahiko Sano , Tetsushi Ueta

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem underlies modern lattice-based cryptography and is assumed to be quantum hard. Recent results show that estimating entanglement entropy is as hard as LWE, creating tension with quantum gravity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Yunfei Wang , Xin Jin , Junyu Liu
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