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Music demixing is the task of separating different tracks from the given single audio signal into components, such as drums, bass, and vocals from the rest of the accompaniment. Separation of sources is useful for a range of areas,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Roman Solovyev , Alexander Stempkovskiy , Tatiana Habruseva

Foundation models have revolutionized music information retrieval, but questions remain about their ability to generalize across diverse musical traditions. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of five state-of-the-art audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Charilaos Papaioannou , Emmanouil Benetos , Alexandros Potamianos

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated promising abilities in understanding musical content. However, whether their responses are grounded in the correct temporal regions of the audio remains underexplored. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daeyong Kwon , Qiyu Wu , Shinobu Kuriya , Junghyun Koo , Shuyang Cui , Zhi Zhong , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji

Information retrieval (IR) evaluation remains challenging due to incomplete IR benchmark datasets that contain unlabeled relevant chunks. While LLMs and LLM-human hybrid strategies reduce costly human effort, they remain prone to LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Minjeong Ban , Jeonghwan Choi , Hyangsuk Min , Nicole Hee-Yeon Kim , Minseok Kim , Jae-Gil Lee , Hwanjun Song

Music scores are written representations of music and contain rich information about musical components. The visual information on music scores includes notes, rests, staff lines, clefs, dynamics, and articulations. This visual information…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuheng Lin , Zheqi Dai , Qiuqiang Kong

A range of applications of multi-modal music information retrieval is centred around the problem of connecting large collections of sheet music (images) to corresponding audio recordings, that is, identifying pairs of audio and score…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Luis Carvalho , Gerhard Widmer

Automatic audio captioning is essential for audio understanding, enabling applications such as accessibility and content indexing. However, evaluating the quality of audio captions remains a major challenge, especially in reference-free…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyu Guo , Hongyu Chen , Hao Liang , Meiyi Qiang , Bohan Zeng , Linzhuang Sun , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Recent advances in generative AI for music have achieved remarkable fidelity and stylistic diversity, yet these systems often fail to align with nuanced human preferences due to the specific loss functions they use. This paper advocates for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Dorien Herremans , Abhinaba Roy

Current legal frameworks consider AI-generated works eligible for copyright protection when they meet originality requirements and involve substantial human intellectual input. However, systematic legal standards and reliable evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zexi Jia , Chuanwei Huang , Yeshuang Zhu , Hongyan Fei , Ying Deng , Zhiqiang Yuan , Jiapei Zhang , Jinchao Zhang , Jie Zhou

Voice-based health assessment offers unprecedented opportunities for scalable, non-invasive disease screening, yet existing approaches typically focus on single conditions and fail to leverage the rich, multi-faceted information embedded in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ran Piao , Yuan Lu , Hareld Kemps , Tong Xia , Aaqib Saeed

Natural language information needs over symbolic music scores rarely reduce to a single step lookup. Many queries require compositional Music Information Retrieval (MIR) that extracts multiple pieces of evidence from structured notation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boyang Wang , Yash Vishe , Xin Xu , Zachary Novack , Xunyi Jiang , Julian McAuley , Junda Wu

In the domain of Music Information Retrieval (MIR), Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) emerges as a central challenge, aiming to convert audio signals into symbolic notations like musical notes or sheet music. This systematic review…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Fatemeh Jamshidi , Gary Pike , Amit Das , Richard Chapman

Users increasingly expect modern search systems to offer a unified interface that seamlessly retrieves information from diverse data sources and formats. However, current information retrieval (IR) evaluation benchmarks have not kept pace…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mehmet Deniz Türkmen , Suchana Datta , Dwaipayan Roy , Daniel Hienert , Philipp Mayr , Derek Greene

Recent advancements have brought generated music closer to human-created compositions, yet evaluating these models remains challenging. While human preference is the gold standard for assessing quality, translating these subjective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Florian Grötschla , Ahmet Solak , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Roger Wattenhofer

Deep learning models are typically evaluated to measure and compare their performance on a given task. The metrics that are commonly used to evaluate these models are standard metrics that are used for different tasks. In the field of music…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Carlos Hernandez-Olivan , Jorge Abadias Puyuelo , Jose R. Beltran

Symbolic music generation has seen rapid progress with artificial neural networks, yet remains underexplored in the biologically plausible domain of spiking neural networks (SNNs), where both standardized benchmarks and comprehensive…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Qian Liang , Menghaoran Tang , Yi Zeng

Distributional metrics such as Fr\'echet Audio Distance cannot score individual music clips and correlate poorly with human judgments, while the only per-sample learned metric achieving high human correlation is closed-source. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Di Zhu , Zixuan Li

Music Source Restoration (MSR) extends source separation to realistic settings where signals undergo production effects (equalization, compression, reverb) and real-world degradations, with the goal of recovering the original unprocessed…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained prominence as an effective method for enhancing the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through the incorporation of external knowledge. However, the evaluation of RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Chanhee Park , Hyeonseok Moon , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Multimodal models that jointly process audio and language hold great promise in audio understanding and are increasingly being adopted in the music domain. By allowing users to query via text and obtain information about a given audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Benno Weck , Ilaria Manco , Emmanouil Benetos , Elio Quinton , George Fazekas , Dmitry Bogdanov