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In this paper, we study the problem of learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions with budget constraints. In each period, the decision maker needs to submit a bid to win the auction and maximize the total collected reward, subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Zeng Fu , Jiashuo Jiang , Yuan Zhou

Bidding is a key element of search advertising, but the variation in bidders' valuations and strategies is often overlooked. Disclosing bid information helps uncover this heterogeneity and enables platforms to tailor their disclosure…

General Economics · Economics 2024-10-10 Zhu Mingxi , Song Michelle

Demand Side Response (DSR) is a strategy that enables consumers to actively participate in managing electricity demand. It aims to alleviate strain on the grid during high demand and promote a more balanced and efficient use of (renewable)…

Online advertising platforms use automated auctions to connect advertisers with potential customers, requiring effective bidding strategies to maximize profits. Accurate ad impact estimation requires considering three key factors: delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuwei Cheng , Zifeng Zhao , Haifeng Xu

In this paper, we initiate the study of the multiplicative bidding language adopted by major Internet search companies. In multiplicative bidding, the effective bid on a particular search auction is the product of a base bid and bid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-29 MohammadHossein Bateni , Jon Feldman , Vahab Mirrokni , Sam Chiu-wai Wong

Many payment platforms hold large-scale marketing campaigns, which allocate incentives to encourage users to pay through their applications. To maximize the return on investment, incentive allocations are commonly solved in a two-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Xuanying Chen , Zhining Liu , Li Yu , Sen Li , Lihong Gu , Xiaodong Zeng , Yize Tan , Jinjie Gu

In online advertising, a set of potential advertisements can be ranked by a certain auction system where usually the top-1 advertisement would be selected and displayed at an advertising space. In this paper, we show a selection bias issue…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Shinya Suzumura , Hitoshi Abe

Online advertising has become one of the most successful business models of the internet era. Impression opportunities are typically allocated through real-time auctions, where advertisers bid to secure advertisement slots. Deciding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Alberto Silvio Chiappa , Briti Gangopadhyay , Zhao Wang , Shingo Takamatsu

In online ad markets, a rising number of advertisers are employing bidding agencies to participate in ad auctions. These agencies are specialized in designing online algorithms and bidding on behalf of their clients. Typically, an agency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yurong Chen , Qian Wang , Zhijian Duan , Haoran Sun , Zhaohua Chen , Xiang Yan , Xiaotie Deng

Predicting click and conversion probabilities when bidding on ad exchanges is at the core of the programmatic advertising industry. Two separated lines of previous works respectively address i) the prediction of user conversion probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-24 Eustache Diemert , Julien Meynet , Pierre Galland , Damien Lefortier

Automated bidding to optimize online advertising with various constraints, e.g. ROI constraints and budget constraints, is widely adopted by advertisers. A key challenge lies in designing algorithms for non-truthful mechanisms with ROI…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yuan Deng , Yilin Li , Wei Tang , Hanrui Zhang

Auto-bidding services optimize real-time bidding strategies for advertisers under key performance indicator (KPI) constraints such as target return on investment and budget. However, uncertainties such as model prediction errors and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Linghui Meng , Chun Gan , Shengsheng Niu , Chengcheng Zhang , Chenchen Li , Chuan Yang , Yi Mao , Xin Zhu , Jie He , Zhangang Lin , Ching Law

In online advertising, advertisers commonly utilize auto-bidding services to bid for impression opportunities. A typical objective of the auto-bidder is to optimize the advertiser's cumulative value of winning impressions within specified…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhijian Duan , Yusen Huo , Tianyu Wang , Zhilin Zhang , Yeshu Li , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiaotie Deng

As commerce shifts to digital marketplaces, platforms increasingly monetize traffic through Sponsored Shopping auctions. Unlike classic ``Sponsored Search", where an advertiser typically bids for a single link, these settings involve…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Paul Dütting , Yuhao Li , Renato Paes Leme , Kelly Spendlove , Yifeng Teng

Motivated by practical constraints in online advertising, we investigate single-parameter auction design for bidders with constraints on their Return On Investment (ROI) -- a targeted minimum ratio between the obtained value and the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Hongtao Lv , Xiaohui Bei , Zhenzhe Zheng , Fan Wu

Online advertising platforms are thriving due to the customizable audiences they offer advertisers. However, recent studies show that advertisements can be discriminatory with respect to the gender or race of the audience that sees the ad,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-23 L. Elisa Celis , Anay Mehrotra , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

The emergence of real-time auction in online advertising has drawn huge attention of modeling the market competition, i.e., bid landscape forecasting. The problem is formulated as to forecast the probability distribution of market price for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Kan Ren , Jiarui Qin , Lei Zheng , Zhengyu Yang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Many advertisers buy advertisements (ads) on the Internet or on traditional media and seek simple, online mechanisms to reserve ad slots in advance. Media publishers represent a vast and varying inventory, and they too seek automatic,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-05-09 Florin Constantin , Jon Feldman , S. Muthukrishnan , Martin Pal

Modern content platforms offer paid promotion to mitigate cold start by allocating exposure via auctions. Our empirical analysis reveals a counterintuitive flaw in this paradigm: while promotion rescues low-to-medium quality content, it can…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yumou Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Jiang Rong , Yao Hu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Online advertising is a huge, rapidly growing advertising market in today's world. One common form of online advertising is using image ads. A decision is made (often in real time) every time a user sees an ad, and the advertiser is eager…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-03 Michael Fire , Jonathan Schler