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Recently, many text-to-image diffusion models have excelled at generating high-resolution images from text but struggle with precise control over spatial composition and object counting. To address these challenges, prior works have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Huancheng Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Haris Vikalo , Lingjuan Lyu

Recent text-to-image diffusion models have significantly improved visual quality and text alignment. However, generating a sequence of images while preserving consistent character identity across diverse scene descriptions remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shin Seong Kim , Minjung Shin , Hyunin Cho , Youngjung Uh

Energy-based models (EBMs) have experienced a resurgence within machine learning in recent years, including as a promising alternative for probabilistic regression. However, energy-based regression requires a proposal distribution to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön

Energy-based models (EBMs) have gained popularity for controlled text generation due to their high applicability to a wide range of constraints. However, sampling from EBMs is non-trivial, as it often requires a large number of iterations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xin Liu , Muhammad Khalifa , Lu Wang

Recent text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in generating high-quality images given text-prompts as input. However, these models fail to convey appropriate spatial composition specified by a layout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jiayu Xiao , Henglei Lv , Liang Li , Shuhui Wang , Qingming Huang

Text-to-image diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for high-quality image generation and editing. Many existing approaches rely on text prompts as editing guidance. However, these methods are constrained by the need for manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuanyuan Chang , Yinghua Yao , Tao Qin , Mengmeng Wang , Ivor Tsang , Guang Dai

Recent advances in image editing have shifted from manual pixel manipulation to employing deep learning methods like stable diffusion models, which now leverage cross-attention mechanisms for text-driven control. This transition has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Linn Bieske , Carla Lorente

Text-to-image (T2I) generation has made remarkable progress in producing high-quality images, but a fundamental challenge remains: creating backgrounds that naturally accommodate text placement without compromising image quality. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Tianyi Liang , Jiangqi Liu , Yifei Huang , Shiqi Jiang , Jianshen Shi , Changbo Wang , Chenhui Li

Large-scale text-to-image models have demonstrated amazing ability to synthesize diverse and high-fidelity images. However, these models are often violated by several limitations. Firstly, they require the user to provide precise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yupei Lin , Sen Zhang , Xiaojun Yang , Xiao Wang , Yukai Shi

Conventional saliency prediction models typically learn a deterministic mapping from an image to its saliency map, and thus fail to explain the subjective nature of human attention. In this paper, to model the uncertainty of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Jing Zhang , Jianwen Xie , Zilong Zheng , Nick Barnes

Remarkable progress in text-to-image diffusion models has brought a major concern about potentially generating images on inappropriate or trademarked concepts. Concept erasing has been investigated with the goals of deleting target concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Byung Hyun Lee , Sungjin Lim , Seunggyu Lee , Dong Un Kang , Se Young Chun

Existing EEG-driven image reconstruction methods often overlook spatial attention mechanisms, limiting fidelity and semantic coherence. To address this, we propose a dual-conditioning framework that combines EEG embeddings with spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Igor Abramov , Ilya Makarov

Cross-entropy (CE) training provides dense and scalable supervision for language models, but it optimizes next-token prediction under teacher forcing rather than sequence-level behavior under model rollouts. We introduce a feature-matching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Samy Jelassi , Mujin Kwun , Rosie Zhao , Yuanzhi Li , Nicolo Fusi , Yilun Du , Sham M. Kakade , Carles Domingo-Enrich

Recent work on controlled text generation has either required attribute-based fine-tuning of the base language model (LM), or has restricted the parameterization of the attribute discriminator to be compatible with the base autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Kartik Goyal , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

This work proposes a method for using any generator network as the foundation of an Energy-Based Model (EBM). Our formulation posits that observed images are the sum of unobserved latent variables passed through the generator network and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Mitch Hill , Erik Nijkamp , Jonathan Mitchell , Bo Pang , Song-Chun Zhu

Energy-based models (EBMs) have become increasingly popular within computer vision in recent years. While they are commonly employed for generative image modeling, recent work has applied EBMs also for regression tasks, achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Radu Timofte , Thomas B. Schön

With recent advances in image and video diffusion models for content creation, a plethora of techniques have been proposed for customizing their generated content. In particular, manipulating the cross-attention layers of Text-to-Image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Saman Motamed , Wouter Van Gansbeke , Luc Van Gool

Large-scale text-to-image generative models have been a ground-breaking development in generative AI, with diffusion models showing their astounding ability to synthesize convincing images following an input text prompt. The goal of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Kai Wang , Fei Yang , Shiqi Yang , Muhammad Atif Butt , Joost van de Weijer

Despite the tremendous success in text-to-image generative models, localized text-to-image generation (that is, generating objects or features at specific locations in an image while maintaining a consistent overall generation) still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yutong He , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter

Diffusion models have revolted the field of text-to-image generation recently. The unique way of fusing text and image information contributes to their remarkable capability of generating highly text-related images. From another…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Changming Xiao , Qi Yang , Feng Zhou , Changshui Zhang