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Quality of data plays an important role in most deep learning tasks. In the speech community, transcription of speech recording is indispensable. Since the transcription is usually generated artificially, automatically finding errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Xiaofei Wang , Jinyi Yang , Ruizhi Li , Samik Sadhu , Hynek Hermansky

We compare the performance of a transition-based parser in regards to different annotation schemes. We pro-pose to convert some specific syntactic constructions observed in the universal dependency treebanks into a so-called more standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Guillaume Wisniewski , Ophélie Lacroix

What are the limits of automated Twitter sentiment classification? We analyze a large set of manually labeled tweets in different languages, use them as training data, and construct automated classification models. It turns out that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Igor Mozetic , Miha Grcar , Jasmina Smailovic

Annotation bias in NLP datasets remains a major challenge for developing multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in culturally diverse settings. Bias from task framing, annotator subjectivity, and cultural mismatches can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xia Cui , Ziyi Huang , Naeemeh Adel

Annotation studies often require annotators to familiarize themselves with the task, its annotation scheme, and the data domain. This can be overwhelming in the beginning, mentally taxing, and induce errors into the resulting annotations;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Ji-Ung Lee , Jan-Christoph Klie , Iryna Gurevych

This document presents Annotated English, a system of diacritical symbols which turns English pronunciation into a precise and unambiguous process. The annotations are defined and located in such a way that the original English text is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-01-04 Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The traditional data annotation process is often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and susceptible to human bias, which complicates the management of increasingly complex datasets. This study explores the potential of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jianfei Wu , Xubin Wang , Weijia Jia

Speech emotion recognition systems often predict a consensus value generated from the ratings of multiple annotators. However, these models have limited ability to predict the annotation of any one person. Alternatively, models can learn to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-17 James Tavernor , Emily Mower Provost

With the rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence, there is growing concern over its potential to exacerbate existing biases and societal disparities and introduce novel ones. This issue has prompted widespread attention from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sanjana Gautam , Mukund Srinath

Motivation: Annotations are a key feature of many biological databases, used to convey our knowledge of a sequence to the reader. Ideally, annotations are curated manually, however manual curation is costly, time consuming and requires…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2013-08-22 Michael J. Bell , Colin S. Gillespie , Daniel Swan , Phillip Lord

Quality estimation aims to measure the quality of translated content without access to a reference translation. This is crucial for machine translation systems in real-world scenarios where high-quality translation is needed. While many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yi-Lin Tuan , Ahmed El-Kishky , Adithya Renduchintala , Vishrav Chaudhary , Francisco Guzmán , Lucia Specia

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems rely heavily on human-annotated data for training and evaluation. A major challenge in this context is the occurrence of annotation errors, as their effects can degrade model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Heinrich Peters , Alireza Hashemi , James Rae

This paper aims to reduce the time to annotate images for panoptic segmentation, which requires annotating segmentation masks and class labels for all object instances and stuff regions. We formulate our approach as a collaborative process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Jasper R. R. Uijlings , Mykhaylo Andriluka , Vittorio Ferrari

Multi-stage training and knowledge transfer, from a large-scale pretraining task to various finetuning tasks, have revolutionized natural language processing and computer vision resulting in state-of-the-art performance improvements. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Hongge Chen , Si Si , Yang Li , Ciprian Chelba , Sanjiv Kumar , Duane Boning , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Despite growing interest in incorporating feedback to improve language models, most efforts focus only on sequence-level annotations. In this work, we explore the potential of utilizing fine-grained span-level annotations from offline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Lily H. Zhang , Hamid Dadkhahi , Mara Finkelstein , Firas Trabelsi , Jiaming Luo , Markus Freitag

Bilingual annotators were paid to link roughly sixteen thousand corresponding words between on-line versions of the Bible in modern French and modern English. These annotations are freely available to the research community from…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 I. Dan Melamed

Incorporating every annotator's perspective is crucial for unbiased data modeling. Annotator fatigue and changing opinions over time can distort dataset annotations. To combat this, we propose to learn a more accurate representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Uthman Jinadu , Yi Ding

Semantic similarity between two sentences depends on the aspects considered between those sentences. To study this phenomenon, Deshpande et al. (2023) proposed the Conditional Semantic Textual Similarity (C-STS) task and annotated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Event annotation is important for identifying market changes, monitoring breaking news, and understanding sociological trends. Although expert annotators set the gold standards, human coding is expensive and inefficient. Unlike information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Feng Gu , Zongxia Li , Carlos Rafael Colon , Benjamin Evans , Ishani Mondal , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber