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Amongst the most remarkable successes of quantum computation are Shor's efficient quantum algorithms for the computational tasks of integer factorisation and the evaluation of discrete logarithms. In this article we review the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-18 Richard Jozsa

Current asymmetric cryptography is based on the principle that while classical computers can efficiently multiply large integers, the inverse operation, factorization, is significantly more complex. For sufficiently large integers, this…

Given n=p*q with p and q prim and y in Z_{p*q}^*. Shor's Algorithm computes the order r of y, i.e. y^r=1 (mod n). If r=2k is even and y^k \ne -1 (mod n) we can easily compute a non trivial factor of n: gcd(y^k-1,n). In the original paper it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gregor Leander

This paper aims to determine the exact success probability at each step of Shor's algorithm. Although the literature usually provides a lower bound on this probability, we present an improved bound. The derived formulas enable the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Ali Abbassi , Lionel Bayle

The conventional Quantum Fourier Transform, with exponential speedup compared to the classical Fast Fourier Transform, has played an important role in quantum computation as a vital part of many quantum algorithms (most prominently, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 S. S. Zhou , T. Loke , J. A. Izaac , J. B. Wang

In ensemble (or bulk) quantum computation, measurements of qubits in an individual computer cannot be performed. Instead, only expectation values can be measured. As a result of this limitation on the model of computation, various important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Oscar Boykin , Tal Mor , Vwani Roychowdhury , Farrokh Vatan

The effects of imperfect gate operations in implementation of Shor's prime factorization algorithm are investigated. The gate imperfections may be classified into three categories: the systematic error, the random error, and the one with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hao Guo , Gui-Lu Long , Yang Sun

The effects of imperfect gate operations in implementation of Shor's prime factorization algorithm are investigated. The gate imperfections may be classified into three categories: the systematic error, the random error, and the one with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hao Guo , Gui Lu Long , Yang Sun

Considering the large-scale quantum computer, it is important to know how much quantum computational resources is necessary precisely and quickly. Unfortunately the previous methods so far cannot support a large-scale quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-24 Yongsoo Hwang , Byung-Soo Choi

We describe a group theoretic analysis of Shor's algorithm and other related hidden subgroup problems in mathematics and relate these to symmetries of molecular and condensed phase assemblies. By recasting Shor's algorithm through the lens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Srinivasan S. Iyengar , Amr Sabry

In recent decades, the field of quantum computing has experienced remarkable progress. This progress is marked by the superior performance of many quantum algorithms compared to their classical counterparts, with Shor's algorithm serving as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-07 Siyi Wang , Xiufan Li , Wei Jie Bryan Lee , Suman Deb , Eugene Lim , Anupam Chattopadhyay

We show how the execution time of algorithms on quantum computers depends on the architecture of the quantum computer, the choice of algorithms (including subroutines such as arithmetic), and the ``clock speed'' of the quantum computer. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodney Van Meter , Kohei M. Itoh , Thaddeus D. Ladd

The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) over finite fields, commonly used in classical cryptography, has no known polynomial-time algorithm on classical computers. However, Shor has provided its polynomial-time algorithm on quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Kaito Kishi , Junpei Yamaguchi , Tetsuya Izu , Noboru Kunihiro

We provide two improvements to Regev's recent quantum factoring algorithm (Journal of the ACM 2025), addressing its space efficiency and its noise-tolerance. Our first contribution is to improve the quantum space efficiency of Regev's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Seyoon Ragavan , Vinod Vaikuntanathan

In this paper, we briefly discuss the methodology for simulating a quantum computer which performs Shor's algorithm on a 7-qubit system to factorise 15. Using this simulation and the overlooked quantum brachistochrone method, we devised a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-25 Vlad Cărare , Alejandro Cros Carrillo de Albornoz , John Taylor

We propose new quantum algorithms to solve the regulator and the principal ideal problem in a real-quadratic number field. We improve the algorithms proposed by Hallgren by using two different techniques. The first improvement is the usage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-25 Arthur Schmidt

Continuous improvements in quantum computing hardware are exposing the need for simultaneous advances in software. Large-scale implementation of quantum algorithms requires rapid and automated compilation routines such as circuit synthesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 David Ittah , Jackson Fraser , Josh Izaac , Olivia Di Matteo

We optimize fault-tolerant quantum error correction to reduce the number of syndrome bit measurements. Speeding up error correction will also speed up an encoded quantum computation, and should reduce its effective error rate. We give both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Nicolas Delfosse , Ben W. Reichardt

We report on the current state of factoring integers on both digital and analog quantum computers. For digital quantum computers, we study the effect of errors for which one can formally prove that Shor's factoring algorithm fails. For…

The integer factorization problem (IFP) underpins the security of RSA, yet becomes efficiently solvable on a quantum computer through Shor's algorithm. Regev's recent high-dimensional variant reduces the circuit size through lattice-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Wentao Yang , Bao Yan , Muxi Zheng , Quanfeng Lu , Shijie Wei , Gui-Lu Long