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Quantum computing technology may soon deliver revolutionary improvements in algorithmic performance, but these are only useful if computed answers are correct. While hardware-level decoherence errors have garnered significant attention, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yuxiang Peng , Kesha Hietala , Runzhou Tao , Liyi Li , Robert Rand , Michael Hicks , Xiaodi Wu

We study the results of a compiled version of Shor's factoring algorithm on the ibmqx5 superconducting chip, for the particular case of $N=15$, $21$ and $35$. The semi-classical quantum Fourier transform is used to implement the algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Mirko Amico , Zain H. Saleem , Muir Kumph

Since Shor's discovery of an algorithm to factor numbers on a quantum computer in polynomial time, quantum computation has become a subject of immense interest. Unfortunately, one of the key features of quantum computers - the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-21 Daniel Gottesman

We investigate the physical implementation of Shor's factorization algorithm on a Josephson charge qubit register. While we pursue a universal method to factor a composite integer of any size, the scheme is demonstrated for the number 21.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Juha J. Vartiainen , Antti O. Niskanen , Mikio Nakahara , Martti M. Salomaa

Shor's algorithm outperforms its classical counterpart in efficient prime factorization. We explore the coherence and entanglement dynamics of the evolved states within Shor's algorithm, showing that the coherence in each step relies on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Linlin Ye , Zhaoqi Wu , Shao-Ming Fei

Shor's algorithm is one of the most prominent quantum algorithms, yet finding efficient implementations remains an active research challenge. While many approaches focus on low-level modular arithmetic optimizations, a broader perspective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Moritz Schmidt , Abhoy Kole , Leon Wichette , Rolf Drechsler , Frank Kirchner , Elie Mounzer

Many modern asymmetric encryption methods rely on prime numbers, as they have distinctive properties. For instance, the security of RSA cryptosystem relies on the computational difficulty of factoring a large composite number in its prime…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anas A. Abudaqa , Nujud Alyami , Mostefa Kara , Farid Binbeshr , Muhammad Imam , Amjad Abuhassan

Quantum computers can execute algorithms that dramatically outperform classical computation. As the best-known example, Shor discovered an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring integers, whereas factoring appears to be difficult for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-19 Andrew M. Childs , Wim van Dam

Shor's algorithm is examined critically from the standpoint of it's eventual use to obtain the factors of large integers.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John W. Cooper

Quantum information processing and its associated technologies has reached an interesting and timely stage in their development where many different experiments have been performed establishing the basic building blocks. The challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Simon J. Devitt , Ashley M. Stephens , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

In 1994, Shor introduced his famous quantum algorithm to factor integers and compute discrete logarithms in polynomial time. In 2023, Regev proposed a multi-dimensional version of Shor's algorithm that requires far fewer quantum gates. His…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Cédric Pilatte

This is an expository talk written for the Bourbaki Seminar. After a brief introduction, Section 1 discusses in the categorical language the structure of the classical deterministic computations. Basic notions of complexity icluding the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuri I. Manin

Integer factorization has been one of the cornerstone applications of the field of quantum computing since the discovery of an efficient algorithm for factoring by Peter Shor. Unfortunately, factoring via Shor's algorithm is well beyond the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-28 Eric R. Anschuetz , Jonathan P. Olson , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Yudong Cao

Combinatorial optimization - a field of research addressing problems that feature strongly in a wealth of scientific and industrial contexts - has been identified as one of the core potential fields of applicability of quantum computers. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Niklas Pirnay , Vincent Ulitzsch , Frederik Wilde , Jens Eisert , Jean-Pierre Seifert

Typical circuit implementations of Shor's algorithm involve controlled rotation gates of magnitude $\pi/2^{2L}$ where $L$ is the binary length of the integer N to be factored. Such gates cannot be implemented exactly using existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Austin G. Fowler , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

We detail techniques to optimise high-level classical simulations of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. Chief among these is to examine the entangling properties of the circuit and to effectively map it across the one-dimensional structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-28 Aidan Dang , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

In this article we develop an algorithm which computes a divisor of an integer $N$, which is assumed to be neither prime nor the power of a prime. The algorithm uses discrete time heat diffusion on a finite graph. If $N$ has $m$ distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Carlos A. Cadavid , Paulina Hoyos , Jay Jorgenson , Lejla Smajlović , Juan D. Vélez

We identify a sub-class of BQP that captures certain structural commonalities among many quantum algorithms including Shor's algorithms. This class does not contain all of BQP (e.g. Grover's algorithm does not fall into this class). Our…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Richard J. Lipton , Kenneth W. Regan , Atri Rudra

The purpose of this note was to give a proof that Shor's algorithm for period search is polynomial using only the standard $2^{n}$ quantum Fourier thansform and some simple trigonometry. There is an error that was pointed out to the author…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-20 Nolan R. Wallach

Factoring integers is considered as a computationally-hard problem for classical methods, whereas there exists polynomial-time Shor's quantum algorithm for solving this task. However, requirements for running the Shor's algorithm for…

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