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Conventional haematoxylin, eosin and saffron (HES) histopathology, currently the gold-standard for pathological diagnosis of cancer, requires extensive sample preparations that are achieved within time scales that are not compatible with…

Gram staining has been one of the most frequently used staining protocols in microbiology for over a century, utilized across various fields, including diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Its manual procedures make it…

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides are central to cancer diagnosis and monitoring, visualizing tissue architecture and cellular morphology. However, H&E lacks the molecular specificity needed to distinguish cell states and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Tushar Kataria , Beatrice Knudsen , Shireen Y. Elhabian

Virtual staining of tissue offers a powerful tool for transforming label-free microscopy images of unstained tissue into equivalents of histochemically stained samples. This study presents a diffusion model-based super-resolution virtual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Nir Pillar , Yuzhu Li , Hanlong Chen , Aydogan Ozcan

Image-to-image translation (I2I) methods allow the generation of artificial images that share the content of the original image but have a different style. With the advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)-based methods, I2I…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Igor Zingman , Sergio Frayle , Ivan Tankoyeu , Segrey Sukhanov , Fabian Heinemann

Histopathology, the current gold standard for cancer diagnosis, involves the manual examination of tissue samples after chemical staining, a time-consuming process requiring expert analysis. Raman spectroscopy is an alternative, stain-free…

The rapid growth of digital pathology in recent years has provided an ideal opportunity for the development of artificial intelligence-based tools to improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnoses. One of the significant…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Jack Breen , Kieran Zucker , Katie Allen , Nishant Ravikumar , Nicolas M. Orsi

Ovarian cancer detection has traditionally relied on a multi-step process that includes biopsy, tissue staining, and morphological analysis by experienced pathologists. While widely practiced, this conventional approach suffers from several…

Staining is critical to cell imaging and medical diagnosis, which is expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and causes irreversible changes to cell tissues. Recent advances in deep learning enabled digital staining via supervised model…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-06 Ziwang Xu , Lanqing Guo , Shuyan Zhang , Alex C. Kot , Bihan Wen

Immunohistochemistry is a valuable diagnostic tool for cancer pathology. However, it requires specialist labs and equipment, is time-intensive, and is difficult to reproduce. Consequently, a long term aim is to provide a digital method of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Christopher D. Walsh , Joanne Edwards , Robert H. Insall

Fluorescence microscopy plays a vital role in understanding the subcellular structures of living cells. However, it requires considerable effort in sample preparation related to chemical fixation, staining, cost, and time. To reduce those…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Thanh Nguyen , Vy Bui , Anh Thai , Van Lam , Christopher B. Raub , Lin-Ching Chang , George Nehmetallah

Computational histopathology image diagnosis becomes increasingly popular and important, where images are segmented or classified for disease diagnosis by computers. While pathologists do not struggle with color variations in slides,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-27 Hanwen Liang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Xingyu Li

Virtual immunohistochemistry (IHC) aims to computationally synthesize molecular staining patterns from routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H\&E) images, offering a cost-effective and tissue-efficient alternative to traditional physical staining.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Rongze Ma , Mengkang Lu , Zhenyu Xiang , Yongsheng Pan , Yicheng Wu , Qingjie Zeng , Yong Xia

In this paper, we develop a complete pipeline for stain normalization, segmentation, and classification of nuclei in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained breast cancer histopathology images. In the first step, we use a CNN-based stain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Edwin Yuan , Junkyo Suh

Three-dimensional (3D) histopathology of unprocessed tissues has the potential to transform disease management by enabling volumetric characterization of tissue microarchitecture and in-vivo assessment. Back-illumination Interference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Anthony Song , Boyan Zhou , Mayank Golhar , Marisa Morakis , Alex Baras , Nicholas Durr

Histopathological analysis is crucial in artery characterization for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, histology requires an invasive and time-consuming process. In this paper, we propose to generate virtual histology staining using…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Xueshen Li , Hongshan Liu , Xiaoyu Song , Brigitta C. Brott , Silvio H. Litovsky , Yu Gan

Registration of serial whole-slide histopathological images (WSIs) is critical for enabling direct comparison across diverse stains and for preparing paired datasets in artificial intelligence (AI) workflows such as virtual staining and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zeyu Liu , Shengwei Ding

Virtual staining leverages computer-aided techniques to transfer the style of histochemically stained tissue samples to other staining types. In virtual staining of pathological images, maintaining strict structural consistency is crucial,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Bing Xiong , Yue Peng , RanRan Zhang , Fuqiang Chen , JiaYe He , Wenjian Qin

Histopathological diagnoses of tumors in tissue biopsy after Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining is the gold standard for oncology care. H&E staining is slow and uses dyes, reagents and precious tissue samples that cannot be reused.…

Purpose: In digital histopathology, virtual multi-staining is important for diagnosis and biomarker research. Additionally, it provides accurate ground-truth for various deep-learning tasks. Virtual multi-staining can be obtained using…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-15 Johannes Lotz , Nick Weiss , Jeroen van der Laak , Stefan Heldmann