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Quantum state estimation is an important task of many quantum information protocols. We consider two families of unitary evolution operators, one with a one-parameter and the other with a two-parameter, which enable the estimation of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-27 Cristian A. Galvis Florez , J. Martínez-Cifuentes , K. M. Fonseca-Romero

Quantum ptychography is a method for estimating an unknown pure quantum state by subjecting it to overlapping projections, each one followed by a projective measurement on a single prescribed basis. Here, we present a comprehensive study of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Warley M. S. Alves , Leonardo Neves

We consider a unitary transformation which maps any given state of an $n$-qubit quantum register into another one. This transformation has applications in the initialization of a quantum computer, and also in some quantum algorithms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mikko Mottonen , Juha J. Vartiainen , Ville Bergholm , Martti M. Salomaa

The characterization of a quantum device is a crucial step in the development of quantum experiments. This is accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to deliver a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Francesco Di Colandrea , Nazanin Dehghan , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

Quantum tomography is a process of quantum state reconstruction using data from multiple measurements. An essential goal for a quantum tomography algorithm is to find measurements that will maximize the useful information about an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 A. D. Moiseevskiy , G. I. Struchalin , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

We describe an approach for characterizing the process of quantum gates using quantum process tomography, by first modeling them in an extended Hilbert space, which includes non-qubit degrees of freedom. To prevent unphysical processes from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Peter P. Rohde , G. J. Pryde , J. L. O'Brien , Timothy C. Ralph

Quantum hypothesis testing (QHT) concerns the statistical inference of unknown quantum states. In the general setting of composite hypotheses, the goal of QHT is to determine whether an unknown quantum state belongs to one or another of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Matteo Zecchin , Osvaldo Simeone , Aaditya Ramdas

We propose a probabilistic quantum protocol to realize a nonlinear transformation of qutrit states, which by iterative applications on ensembles can be used to distinguish two types of pure states. The protocol involves single-qutrit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 P. V. Pyshkin , A. Gábris , O. Kálmán , I. Jex , T. Kiss

In this article we propose a method to estimate with high accuracy pure quantum states of a single qudit. Our method is based on the minimization of the squared error between the complex probability amplitudes of the unknown state and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 A. Rojas , L. Pereira , S. Niklitschek , A. Delgado

We investigate the tomography of unknown unitary quantum processes within the framework of a finite-dimensional Wigner-type representation. This representation provides a rich visualization of quantum operators by depicting them as shapes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Amit Devra , Léo Van Damme , Frederik vom Ende , Emanuel Malvetti , Steffen J. Glaser

We develop a unitary dependence theory to characterize the behaviors of quantum circuits and states in terms of how quantum gates manipulate qubits and determine their measurement probabilities. A qubit has dependence on a 1-qubit unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-07 Zixuan Hu , Sabre Kais

We propose an estimation method for quantum measurement tomography (QMT) based on semidefinite programming (SDP), and discuss how it may be employed to detect experimental imperfections, such as shot noise and/or faulty preparation of the…

To obtain a complete description of a quantum system, one usually employs standard quantum state tomography, which however requires exponential number of measurements to perform and hence is impractical when the system's size grows large.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Tao Xin , Xinfang Nie , Xiangyu Kong , Jingwei Wen , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

Quantum state tomography (QST), the process of reconstructing some unknown quantum state $\hat\rho$ from repeated measurements on copies of said state, is a foundationally important task in the context of quantum computation and simulation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Nathan Keenan , John Goold , Alex Nico-Katz

In measurement-based quantum computing an algorithm is performed by measurements on highly-entangled resource states. To date, several implementations were demonstrated, all of them assuming perfect noise-free environments. Here we consider…

Any repeated use of a fixed experimental instrument is subject to memory effects. We design an estimation method uncovering the details of the underlying interaction between the system and the internal memory without having any experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-21 Tomas Rybar , Mario Ziman

The initialization of quantum states or Quantum State Preparation (QSP) is a basic subroutine in quantum algorithms. In the worst case, general QSP algorithms are expensive due to the application of multi-controlled gates required to build…

Quantum state tomography is a powerful, but resource-intensive, general solution for numerous quantum information processing tasks. This motivates the design of robust tomography procedures that use relevant resources as sparingly as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Richard Kueng , Daniel Stilck França

Quantum state tomography is a key process in most quantum experiments. In this work, we employ quantum machine learning for state tomography. Given an unknown quantum state, it can be learned by maximizing the fidelity between the output of…