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Emotion recognition is a key attribute for artificial intelligence systems that need to naturally interact with humans. However, the task definition is still an open problem due to the inherent ambiguity of emotions. In this paper, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Xixin Wu , Philip C. Woodland

Automatic emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is crucial for emotion-aware conversational artificial intelligence. This paper proposes a distribution-based framework that formulates ERC as a sequence-to-sequence problem for emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

Group-level emotion recognition (GER) is an inseparable part of human behavior analysis, aiming to recognize an overall emotion in a multi-person scene. However, the existing methods are devoted to combing diverse emotion cues while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Qing Zhu , Qirong Mao , Jialin Zhang , Xiaohua Huang , Wenming Zheng

There is a significant need for principled uncertainty reasoning in machine learning systems as they are increasingly deployed in safety-critical domains. A new approach with uncertainty-aware regression-based neural networks (NNs), based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Nis Meinert , Jakob Gawlikowski , Alexander Lavin

Multimodal emotion recognition is an important research topic in artificial intelligence, whose main goal is to integrate multimodal clues to identify human emotional states. Current works generally assume accurate labels for benchmark…

The subjective perception of emotion leads to inconsistent labels from human annotators. Typically, utterances lacking majority-agreed labels are excluded when training an emotion classifier, which cause problems when encountering ambiguous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wen Wu , Bo Li , Chao Zhang , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Qiujia Li , Junwen Bai , Tara N. Sainath , Philip C. Woodland

When recognizing emotions, subtle nuances in displays of emotion generate ambiguity or uncertainty in emotion perception. Emotion uncertainty has been previously interpreted as inter-rater disagreement among multiple annotators. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Didan Deng , Liang Wu , Bertram E. Shi

Emotions are subjective constructs. Recent end-to-end speech emotion recognition systems are typically agnostic to the subjective nature of emotions, despite their state-of-the-art performance. In this work, we introduce an end-to-end…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Navin Raj Prabhu , Guillaume Carbajal , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkmann

To train machine learning algorithms to predict emotional expressions in terms of arousal and valence, annotated datasets are needed. However, as different people perceive others' emotional expressions differently, their annotations are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-14 Navin Raj Prabhu , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkman

Emotions play a crucial role in human interaction, health care and security investigations and monitoring. Automatic emotion recognition (AER) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is an effective method for decoding the real emotions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Emad-ul-Haq Qazi , Muhammad Hussain , Hatim AboAlsamh , Ihsan Ullah

Despite significant progress over the past few years, ambiguity is still a key challenge in Facial Expression Recognition (FER). It can lead to noisy and inconsistent annotation, which hinders the performance of deep learning models in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Nhat Le , Khanh Nguyen , Quang Tran , Erman Tjiputra , Bac Le , Anh Nguyen

As different people perceive others' emotional expressions differently, their annotation in terms of arousal and valence are per se subjective. To address this, these emotion annotations are typically collected by multiple annotators and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Navin Raj Prabhu , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkmann

We introduce the SEER (Span-based Emotion Evidence Retrieval) Benchmark to test Large Language Models' (LLMs) ability to identify the specific spans of text that express emotion. Unlike traditional emotion recognition tasks that assign a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Aneesha Sampath , Oya Aran , Emily Mower Provost

Acoustically expressed emotions can make communication with a robot more efficient. Detecting emotions like anger could provide a clue for the robot indicating unsafe/undesired situations. Recently, several deep neural network-based models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Egor Lakomkin , Mohammad Ali Zamani , Cornelius Weber , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter

A Bayesian treatment of deep learning allows for the computation of uncertainties associated with the predictions of deep neural networks. We show how the concept of Errors-in-Variables can be used in Bayesian deep regression to also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Jörg Martin , Clemens Elster

Despite numerous studies of deep autoencoders (AEs) for unsupervised anomaly detection, AEs still lack a way to express uncertainty in their predictions, crucial for ensuring safe and trustworthy machine learning systems in high-stake…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Bang Xiang Yong , Alexandra Brintrup

Emotion recognition is inherently ambiguous, with uncertainty arising both from rater disagreement and from discrepancies across modalities such as speech and text. There is growing interest in modeling rater ambiguity using label…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jingyao Wu , Grace Lin , Yinuo Song , Rosalind Picard

Although much progress has been made in visual emotion recognition, researchers have realized that modern deep networks tend to exploit dataset characteristics to learn spurious statistical associations between the input and the target.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Yuedong Chen , Xu Yang , Tat-Jen Cham , Jianfei Cai

This paper proposes a feature-based domain adaptation technique for identifying emotions in generic images, encompassing both facial and non-facial objects, as well as non-human components. This approach addresses the challenge of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Puneet Kumar , Balasubramanian Raman

Modeling uncertainty in deep neural networks, despite recent important advances, is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are a powerful solution, where the prior over network weights is a design choice, often a normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Yaniv Gurwicz , Shami Nisimov , Gal Novik
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