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Foundation models (FMs), that are trained on broad data at scale and are adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks, have brought large interest in the research community. Benefiting from the diverse data sources such as different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Bo Li , Dongseong Hwang , Zhouyuan Huo , Junwen Bai , Guru Prakash , Tara N. Sainath , Khe Chai Sim , Yu Zhang , Wei Han , Trevor Strohman , Francoise Beaufays

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle on out-of-domain datasets like healthcare focused text. We explore specialized pre-training to adapt smaller LLMs to different healthcare datasets. Three methods are assessed:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Niall Taylor , Dan Schofield , Andrey Kormilitzin , Dan W Joyce , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

The rapid evolution of intelligent document processing systems demands robust solutions that adapt to diverse domains without extensive retraining. Traditional methods often falter with variable document types, leading to poor performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Maria Pilligua , Nil Biescas , Javier Vazquez-Corral , Josep Lladós , Ernest Valveny , Sanket Biswas

Automated surgical gesture recognition is of great importance in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. However, existing methods assume that training and testing data are from the same domain, which suffers from severe performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Xueying Shi , Yueming Jin , Qi Dou , Jing Qin , Pheng-Ann Heng

Sentence embeddings enable us to capture the semantic similarity of short texts. Most sentence embedding models are trained for general semantic textual similarity tasks. Therefore, to use sentence embeddings in a particular domain, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Tim Schopf , Dennis N. Schneider , Florian Matthes

Text classification must sometimes be applied in a low-resource language with no labeled training data. However, training data may be available in a related language. We investigate whether character-level knowledge transfer from a related…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Mozhi Zhang , Yoshinari Fujinuma , Jordan Boyd-Graber

This paper narrows the performance gap between small, specialized models and significantly larger general-purpose models through domain adaptation via continual pre-training and merging. We address the scarcity of specialized non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Niclas Doll , Jasper Schulze Buschhoff , Shalaka Satheesh , Hammam Abdelwahab , Héctor Allende-Cid , Katrin Klug

When using an LLM to process text outside the training domain(s), an often overlooked factor is vocabulary mismatch, where the general-domain tokenizer fails to capture frequent domain-specific terms, leading to higher token fertility and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Christian Herold , Michael Kozielski , Nicholas Santavas , Yannick Versley , Shahram Khadivi

Recent automated essay scoring (AES) studies increasingly use pretrained transformer models, but these models are usually pretrained on general-domain English and may under-represent second-language learner writing. This study investigates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Duy Anh Nguyen

We introduce a Content-based Document Alignment approach (CDA), an efficient method to align multilingual web documents based on content in creating parallel training data for machine translation (MT) systems operating at the industrial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Transfer learning based on full fine-tuning (FFT) of the pre-trained encoder and task-specific decoder becomes increasingly complex as deep models grow exponentially. Parameter efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches using adapters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hayeon Jo , Hyesong Choi , Minhee Cho , Dongbo Min

Recently, Le and Mikolov (2014) proposed doc2vec as an extension to word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013a) to learn document-level embeddings. Despite promising results in the original paper, others have struggled to reproduce those results. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in code-related tasks, yet open-source models lag behind their closed-source counterparts. To bridge this performance gap, existing methods generate vast amounts of synthetic data for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Traditional approaches to adapting multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) to new tasks have relied heavily on fine-tuning. This paper introduces Efficient Multi-Modal Long Context Learning (EMLoC), a novel training-free alternative that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehong Ma , Shiliang Zhang , Longhui Wei , Qi Tian

Practical sequence classification tasks in natural language processing often suffer from low training data availability for target classes. Recent works towards mitigating this problem have focused on transfer learning using embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Manoj Kumar , Varun Kumar , Hadrien Glaude , Cyprien delichy , Aman Alok , Rahul Gupta

Entity Matching (EM)--the task of determining whether two data records refer to the same real-world entity--is a core task in data integration. Recent advances in deep learning have set a new standard for EM, particularly through…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nicholas Pulsone , Roee Shraga , Gregory Goren

Many prior language modeling efforts have shown that pre-training on an in-domain corpus can significantly improve performance on downstream domain-specific NLP tasks. However, the difficulties associated with collecting enough in-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Chris Sanchez , Zheyuan Zhang

Recent advancements in AI have sparked a trend in constructing large, generalist language models that handle a multitude of tasks, including many code-related ones. While these models are expensive to train and are often closed-source, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Manisha Mukherjee , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

Currently, under supervised learning, a model pretrained by a large-scale nature scene dataset and then fine-tuned on a few specific task labeling data is the paradigm that has dominated the knowledge transfer learning. It has reached the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Tong Zhang , Peng Gao , Hao Dong , Yin Zhuang , Guanqun Wang , Wei Zhang , He Chen

Encrypted traffic classification (TC) methods must adapt to new protocols and extensions as well as to advancements in other machine learning fields. In this paper, we adopt a transfer learning setup best known from computer vision. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jan Luxemburk , Karel Hynek , Richard Plný , Tomáš Čejka