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Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

Preservation of domain knowledge from the source to target is crucial in any translation workflow. It is common in the translation industry to receive highly specialized projects, where there is hardly any parallel in-domain data. In such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

Synthetic data augmentation has emerged as a promising solution when pre-training is constrained by data rather than compute. We study how to design synthetic data algorithms that achieve better loss scaling: not only lowering loss at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Konwoo Kim , Suhas Kotha , Yejin Choi , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Nick Haber , Percy Liang

Prompting pre-trained language models leads to promising results across natural language processing tasks but is less effective when applied in low-resource domains, due to the domain gap between the pre-training data and the downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Koustava Goswami , Lukas Lange , Jun Araki , Heike Adel

Recent advances in training large language models (LLMs) using massive amounts of solely textual data lead to strong generalization across many domains and tasks, including document-specific tasks. Opposed to that there is a trend to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Marcel Lamott , Yves-Noel Weweler , Adrian Ulges , Faisal Shafait , Dirk Krechel , Darko Obradovic

Onboarding documentation is critical for attracting and retaining newcomers in open source software (OSS). However, it is often presented as dense, inconsistently structured, and fragmented presentations that are difficult to understand,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zixuan Feng , Prashant Tandan , Igor Steinmacher , Marco Aurelio Gerosa , Anita Sarma

A common way to use large pre-trained language models for downstream tasks is to fine tune them using additional layers. This may not work well if downstream domain is a specialized domain whereas the large language model has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Vanessa Liao , Syed Shariyar Murtaza , Yifan Nie , Jimmy Lin

The limited availability of labelled data in Action Quality Assessment (AQA), has forced previous works to fine-tune their models pretrained on large-scale domain-general datasets. This common approach results in weak generalisation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Amirhossein Dadashzadeh , Shuchao Duan , Alan Whone , Majid Mirmehdi

Transformers are not suited for processing long documents, due to their quadratically increasing memory and time consumption. Simply truncating a long document or applying the sparse attention mechanism will incur the context fragmentation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Siyu Ding , Junyuan Shang , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hao Tian , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Table of contents (ToC) extraction aims to extract headings of different levels in documents to better understand the outline of the contents, which can be widely used for document understanding and information retrieval. Existing works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Pengfei Hu , Zhenrong Zhang , Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Jiajia Wu

Improving performance in multiple domains is a challenging task, and often requires significant amounts of data to train and test models. Active learning techniques provide a promising solution by enabling models to select the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Anand Gokul Mahalingam , Aayush Shah , Akshay Gulati , Royston Mascarenhas , Rakshitha Panduranga

Instance-level segmentation of documents consists in assigning a class-aware and instance-aware label to each pixel of the image. It is a key step in document parsing for their understanding. In this paper, we present a unified transformer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ayan Banerjee , Sanket Biswas , Josep Lladós , Umapada Pal

Token dropping is a recently-proposed strategy to speed up the pretraining of masked language models, such as BERT, by skipping the computation of a subset of the input tokens at several middle layers. It can effectively reduce the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Pretrained transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many tasks and benchmarks recently. Many state-of-the-art Language Models (LMs), however, do not scale well above the threshold of 512 input tokens. In specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Joel Niklaus , Daniele Giofré

Pre-training of Large Language Models is often prohibitively expensive and inefficient at scale, requiring complex and invasive modifications in order to achieve high data throughput. In this work, we present Token-Superposition Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bowen Peng , Théo Gigant , Jeffrey Quesnelle

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive versatility as general purpose models. However, their broad applicability comes at a high-cost computational overhead, particularly in auto-regressive decoding where each step requires a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Itay Nakash , Nitay Calderon , Eyal Ben David , Elad Hoffer , Roi Reichart

Existing video captioning approaches typically require to first sample video frames from a decoded video and then conduct a subsequent process (e.g., feature extraction and/or captioning model learning). In this pipeline, manual frame…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Yaojie Shen , Xin Gu , Kai Xu , Heng Fan , Longyin Wen , Libo Zhang

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable progress in general-purpose capabilities and can achieve strong performance in specific domains through fine-tuning on domain-specific data. However, acquiring high-quality data for target…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tong Ye , Hang Yu , Tengfei Ma , Xuhong Zhang , Jianguo Li , Peng Di , Peiyu Liu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang

This paper presents Mecellem models, a framework for developing specialized language models for the Turkish legal domain through domain adaptation strategies. We make two contributions: (1)Encoder Model Pre-trained from Scratch:…

Large pretrained visual foundation models exhibit impressive general capabilities. However, the extensive prior knowledge inherent in these models can sometimes be a double-edged sword when adapting them to downstream tasks in specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Qinghe Ma , Jian Zhang , Zekun Li , Lei Qi , Qian Yu , Yinghuan Shi