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We investigate the phenomenon of posterior collapse in variational autoencoders (VAEs) from the perspective of statistical physics, and reveal that it constitutes a phase transition governed jointly by data structure and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhen Li , Fan Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Yu Chen

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a popular combination of deep latent variable model and accompanying variational learning technique. By using a neural inference network to approximate the model's posterior on latent variables, VAEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Junxian He , Daniel Spokoyny , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) hold great potential for modelling text, as they could in theory separate high-level semantic and syntactic properties from local regularities of natural language. Practically, however, VAEs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Teng Long , Yanshuai Cao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Text variational autoencoders (VAEs) are notorious for posterior collapse, a phenomenon where the model's decoder learns to ignore signals from the encoder. Because posterior collapse is known to be exacerbated by expressive decoders,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Seongmin Park , Jihwa Lee

As one of the most popular generative models, Variational Autoencoder (VAE) approximates the posterior of latent variables based on amortized variational inference. However, when the decoder network is sufficiently expressive, VAE may lead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Chao Wang , Hengshu Zhu , Enhong Chen , Hui Xiong

Hierarchical Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are among the most popular likelihood-based generative models. There is a consensus that the top-down hierarchical VAEs allow effective learning of deep latent structures and avoid problems like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Anna Kuzina , Jakub M. Tomczak

Being one of the most popular generative framework, variational autoencoders(VAE) are known to suffer from a phenomenon termed posterior collapse, i.e. the latent variational distributions collapse to the prior, especially when a strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Renfei Tu , Yang Liu , Yongzeng Xue , Cheng Wang , Maozu Guo

In variational autoencoders (VAEs), the variational posterior often collapses to the prior, known as posterior collapse, which leads to poor representation learning quality. An adjustable hyperparameter beta has been introduced in VAEs to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yuma Ichikawa , Koji Hukushima

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have experienced recent success as data-generating models by using simple architectures that do not require significant fine-tuning of hyperparameters. However, VAEs are known to suffer from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-22 Wei Cheng , Gregory Darnell , Sohini Ramachandran , Lorin Crawford

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) face a notorious problem wherein the variational posterior often aligns closely with the prior, a phenomenon known as posterior collapse, which hinders the quality of representation learning. To mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-25 Yuma Ichikawa , Koji Hukushima

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a well-studied, deep, latent-variable model (DLVM) that efficiently optimizes the variational lower bound of the log marginal data likelihood and has a strong theoretical foundation. However, the VAE's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Surojit Saha , Sarang Joshi , Ross Whitaker

The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) has proven to be an effective model for producing semantically meaningful latent representations for natural data. However, it has thus far seen limited application to sequential data, and, as we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Adam Roberts , Jesse Engel , Colin Raffel , Curtis Hawthorne , Douglas Eck

As a general-purpose generative model architecture, VAE has been widely used in the field of image and natural language processing. VAE maps high dimensional sample data into continuous latent variables with unsupervised learning. Sampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-05 Yao Li

Posterior collapse in Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) arises when the variational posterior distribution closely matches the prior for a subset of latent variables. This paper presents a simple and intuitive explanation for posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 James Lucas , George Tucker , Roger Grosse , Mohammad Norouzi

Posterior collapse plagues VAEs for text, especially for conditional text generation with strong autoregressive decoders. In this work, we address this problem in variational neural machine translation by explicitly promoting mutual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Arya D. McCarthy , Xian Li , Jiatao Gu , Ning Dong

Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-03 Yixin Wang , David M. Blei , John P. Cunningham

Predicting future frames of video sequences is challenging due to the complex and stochastic nature of the problem. Video prediction methods based on variational auto-encoders (VAEs) have been a great success, but they require the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Yizhou Zhou , Chong Luo , Xiaoyan Sun , Zheng-Jun Zha , Wenjun Zeng

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are one of the deep generative models that have experienced enormous success over the past decades. However, in practice, they suffer from a problem called posterior collapse, which occurs when the encoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yuri Kinoshita , Kenta Oono , Kenji Fukumizu , Yuichi Yoshida , Shin-ichi Maeda

A variational autoencoder (VAE) is a probabilistic machine learning framework for posterior inference that projects an input set of high-dimensional data to a lower-dimensional, latent space. The latent space learned with a VAE offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Rafael Pastrana

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) combine latent variables with amortized variational inference, whose optimization usually converges into a trivial local optimum termed posterior collapse, especially in text modeling. By tracking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Chen Wu , Prince Zizhuang Wang , William Yang Wang
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