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Correlation does not imply causation, but patterns of statistical association between variables can be exploited to infer a causal structure (even with purely observational data) with the burgeoning field of causal discovery. As a purely…

We assess the contribution of dynamical hardening by direct three-body scattering interactions to the rate of stellar-mass black hole binary (BHB) mergers in galactic nuclei. We derive an analytic model for the single-binary encounter rate…

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary systems are unavoidable outcomes of galaxy mergers. Their dynamics encode information about their formation and growth, the composition of their host galactic nuclei, the evolution of galaxies, and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Hanxi Wang , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Bence Kocsis

In galactic nuclei, the gravitational potential is dominated by the central supermassive black hole, so stars follow quasi-Keplerian orbits. These orbits are distorted by gravitational forces from other stars, leading to long-term orbital…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-14 Jean-Baptiste Fouvry , Walter Dehnen , Scott Tremaine , Ben Bar-Or

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are considered viable candidates for dark matter and the seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), with their fruitful physical influences providing significant insights into the conditions of the early…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-30 Junyue Yang , Xiaoding Wang , Xiao-Han Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Sheng-Feng Yan , Amara Ilyas , Yi-Fu Cai

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) coalescences are ubiquitous in the history of the Universe and often exhibit strong accretion activities and powerful jets. These SMBH mergers are also promising candidates for future gravitational wave…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-21 Chengchao Yuan , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Péter Mészáros

MBH seed mergers are expected to be among the loudest sources of gravitational waves detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), providing a unique window into the birth and early growth of SMBH. We present the MAGICS-II…

The importance of the radiative feedback from SMBHs at the centers of elliptical galaxies is not in doubt, given the well established relations among electromagnetic output, black hole mass and galaxy optical luminosity. In addition,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-06-25 L. Ciotti , J. P. Ostriker , D. Proga

Dynamical perturbations from supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries can increase the rates of tidal disruption events (TDEs). However, most previous work focuses on TDEs from the heavy black hole in the SMBH binary (SMBHB) system. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-13 Brenna Mockler , Denyz Melchor , Smadar Naoz , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

We study the merger of black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) binaries in numerical relativity, focusing on the properties of the remnant disk and the ejecta, varying the mass of compactness of the NS and the mass and spin of the BH. We find that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-22 Shichuan Chen , Luohan Wang , Kota Hayashi , Kyohei Kawaguchi , Kenta Kiuchi , Masaru Shibata

We present a theoretical framework for seeding and growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in dark matter halos along their assembly histories. Seeds are bred out of Pop-III stars formed during the first collapse of pristine gas in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-28 Yangyao Chen , Houjun Mo , Huiyuan Wang

We study the growth of massive black holes (BH) in galaxies using smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of major galaxy mergers with new implementations of BH accretion and feedback. The effect of BH accretion on gas in its host galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Jackson DeBuhr , Eliot Quataert , Chung-Pei Ma

We present a study on the dynamics of massive BHs in galaxy mergers, obtained from a series of high-resolution N-Body/SPH simulations. The presence of a gaseous component is essential for the rapid formation of an eccentric (Keplerian) BH…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 M. Colpi , S. Callegari , M. Dotti , S. Kazantzidis , L. Mayer

Accreting supermassive black hole binaries are powerful multimessenger sources emitting both gravitational and EM radiation. Understanding the accretion dynamics of these systems and predicting their distinctive EM signals is crucial to…

Context: In a series of papers, we study the major merger of two disk galaxies in order to establish whether or not such a merger can produce a disc galaxy. Aims: Our aim here is to describe in detail the technical aspects of our numerical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-22 S. A. Rodionov , E. Athanassoula , N. Peschken

There may exist stellar-mass binary black holes (BBH) which merge while orbiting nearby a supermassive black hole (SMBH). In such a triple system, the SMBH will modulate the gravitational waveform of the BBH through orbital Doppler shift…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-26 Andrew Laeuger , Brian Seymour , Yanbei Chen , Hang Yu

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) imprint gravitational signatures on the matter within their sphere of influence (SoI). Nuclear gas dynamics can hence be used to accurately measure the mass of an SMBH, yet such measurements remain elusive…

Here we propose a mechanism for efficiently growing intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) in disks around supermassive black holes. Stellar mass objects can efficiently agglomerate when facilitated by the gas disk. Stars, compact objects and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 B. McKernan , K. E. S. Ford , W. Lyra , H. B. Perets

The rapid advancement of gravitational wave astronomy in recent years has paved the way for the burgeoning development of black hole spectroscopy, which enhances the possibility of testing black holes by their quasinormal modes (QNMs). In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-16 Che-Yu Chen , Yu-Hsien Kung , Pisin Chen

Numerous observations have shown that almost all galaxies in our Universe host supermassive black holes (SMBHs), but there is still much debate about their formation and evolutionary processes. Recently, gravitational waves (GWs) have been…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-26 Kazuya Furusawa , Hiroyuki Tashiro , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki