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Current work on Visual Question Answering (VQA) explore deterministic approaches conditioned on various types of image and question features. We posit that, in addition to image and question pairs, other modalities are useful for teaching…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Zixu Wang , Yishu Miao , Lucia Specia

Query rewriting (QR) systems are widely used to reduce the friction caused by errors in a spoken language understanding pipeline. However, the underlying supervised models require a large number of labeled pairs, and these pairs are hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yunmo Chen , Sixing Lu , Fan Yang , Xiaojiang Huang , Xing Fan , Chenlei Guo

Scientific visual question answering poses significant challenges for vision-language models due to the complexity of scientific figures and their multimodal context. Traditional approaches treat the figure and accompanying text (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Belal Shoer , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Problems at the intersection of language and vision, like visual question answering, have recently been gaining a lot of attention in the field of multi-modal machine learning as computer vision research moves beyond traditional recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Mary Arpita Pyreddy , Matthieu Felix , Narendra Nath Joshi

Most recent state-of-the-art Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems are opaque black boxes that are only trained to fit the answer distribution given the question and visual content. As a result, these systems frequently take shortcuts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Jialin Wu , Liyan Chen , Raymond J. Mooney

Software with natural-language user interfaces has an ever-increasing importance. However, the quality of the included Question Answering (QA) functionality is still not sufficient regarding the number of questions that are answered…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Aleksandr Gashkov , Aleksandr Perevalov , Maria Eltsova , Andreas Both

Question Answering (QA) has seen significant improvements with the advancement of machine learning models, further studies enhanced this question answering system by retrieving external information, called Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 William Christian , Daniel Adamlu , Adrian Yu , Derwin Suhartono

Text classification in education, usually called auto-tagging, is the automated process of assigning relevant tags to educational content, such as questions and textbooks. However, auto-tagging suffers from a data scarcity problem, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Hyun Seung Lee , Seungtaek Choi , Yunsung Lee , Hyeongdon Moon , Shinhyeok Oh , Myeongho Jeong , Hyojun Go , Christian Wallraven

Open-domain question answering (QA) aims to find the answer to a question from a large collection of documents.Though many models for single-document machine comprehension have achieved strong performance, there is still much room for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Mantong Zhou , Zhouxing Shi , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

In this paper, an ontology-based approach is used to organize the knowledge base of legal documents in road traffic law. This knowledge model is built by the improvement of ontology Rela-model. In addition, several searching problems on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Vuong T. Pham , Hien D. Nguyen , Thinh Le , Binh Nguyen , Quoc Hung Ngo

Visual question answering (VQA) is the task of answering questions about an image. The task assumes an understanding of both the image and the question to provide a natural language answer. VQA has gained popularity in recent years due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Deepanway Ghosal , Navonil Majumder , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Rada Mihalcea , Soujanya Poria

Recent success of deep learning models for the task of extractive Question Answering (QA) is hinged on the availability of large annotated corpora. However, large domain specific annotated corpora are limited and expensive to construct. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Bhuwan Dhingra , Danish Pruthi , Dheeraj Rajagopal

We frame Question Answering (QA) as a Reinforcement Learning task, an approach that we call Active Question Answering. We propose an agent that sits between the user and a black box QA system and learns to reformulate questions to elicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Christian Buck , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita , Wojciech Gajewski , Andrea Gesmundo , Neil Houlsby , Wei Wang

Question Answering (QA) on narrative text poses a unique challenge to current systems, requiring a deep understanding of long, complex documents. However, the reliability of NarrativeQA, the most widely used benchmark in this domain, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tommaso Bonomo , Luca Gioffré , Roberto Navigli

As the legal community increasingly examines the use of large language models (LLMs) for various legal applications, legal AI developers have turned to retrieval-augmented LLMs ("RAG" systems) to improve system performance and robustness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lucia Zheng , Neel Guha , Javokhir Arifov , Sarah Zhang , Michal Skreta , Christopher D. Manning , Peter Henderson , Daniel E. Ho

In Embodied Question Answering (EmbodiedQA), an agent interacts with an environment to gather necessary information for answering user questions. Existing works have laid a solid foundation towards solving this interesting problem. But the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Yu Wu , Lu Jiang , Yi Yang

The success of large language models (LLMs) depends heavily on large-scale, high-quality instruction-following and reinforcement datasets. However, generating such data through human annotation is prohibitively time-consuming particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Chenhua Shi , Gregor Macdonald , Bhavika Jalli , Wanlu Lei , John Zou , Mridul Jain , Joji Philip

Input errors in question-answering (QA) systems often lead to incorrect responses. Large language models (LLMs) struggle with this task, frequently failing to interpret user intent (misinterpretation) or unnecessarily altering the original…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Longpeng Qiu , Ting Li , Shuai Mao , Nan Yang , Xiaohui Yan

Text-VQA aims at answering questions that require understanding the textual cues in an image. Despite the great progress of existing Text-VQA methods, their performance suffers from insufficient human-labeled question-answer (QA) pairs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Jun Wang , Mingfei Gao , Yuqian Hu , Ramprasaath R. Selvaraju , Chetan Ramaiah , Ran Xu , Joseph F. JaJa , Larry S. Davis

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), attracting significant attention from researchers. English is a resource-rich language that has witnessed various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen , Nghia Hieu Nguyen , Duong T. D Vo , Khanh Quoc Tran , Kiet Van Nguyen