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Legal multi-label classification is a critical task for organizing and accessing the vast amount of legal documentation. Despite its importance, it faces challenges such as the complexity of legal language, intricate label dependencies, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Emily Johnson , Xavier Holt , Noah Wilson

Text summarization is a challenging task within natural language processing that involves text generation from lengthy input sequences. While this task has been widely studied in English, there is very limited research on summarization for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Hieu Nguyen , Long Phan , James Anibal , Alec Peltekian , Hieu Tran

As software-intensive systems face growing pressure to comply with laws and regulations, providing automated support for compliance analysis has become paramount. Despite advances in the Requirements Engineering (RE) community on legal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Shabnam Hassani , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Daniel Amyot , Jain Liao

Replying to formal emails is time-consuming and cognitively demanding, as it requires crafting polite phrasing and providing an adequate response to the sender's demands. Although systems with Large Language Models (LLMs) were designed to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yusuke Miura , Chi-Lan Yang , Masaki Kuribayashi , Keigo Matsumoto , Hideaki Kuzuoka , Shigeo Morishima

Annotating datasets for question answering (QA) tasks is very costly, as it requires intensive manual labor and often domain-specific knowledge. Yet strategies for annotating QA datasets in a cost-effective manner are scarce. To provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Bernhard Kratzwald , Xiang Yue , Huan Sun , Stefan Feuerriegel

The usage and amount of information available on the internet increase over the past decade. This digitization leads to the need for automated answering system to extract fruitful information from redundant and transitional knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Hariom A. Pandya , Brijesh S. Bhatt

We study approaches to improve fine-grained short answer Question Answering models by integrating coarse-grained data annotated for paragraph-level relevance and show that coarsely annotated data can bring significant performance gains.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Hao Cheng , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Ankur Parikh , Michael Collins , Kristina Toutanova

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technology for legal document consultation, yet its application in Chinese legal scenarios faces two key limitations: existing benchmarks lack specialized support for joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yaocong Li , Qiang Lan , Leihan Zhang , Le Zhang

Medical question-answering (QA) systems can benefit from advances in large language models (LLMs), but directly applying LLMs to the clinical domain poses challenges such as maintaining factual accuracy and avoiding hallucinations. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tasnimul Hassan , Md Faisal Karim , Haziq Jeelani , Elham Behnam , Robert Green , Fayeq Jeelani Syed

We present a study on the design of multilingual Answer Sentence Selection (AS2) models, which are a core component of modern Question Answering (QA) systems. The main idea is to transfer data, created from one resource rich language, e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Question answering (QA) over tables and text has gained much popularity over the years. Multi-hop table-text QA requires multiple hops between the table and text, making it a challenging QA task. Although several works have attempted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jayetri Bardhan , Bushi Xiao , Daisy Zhe Wang

This study delves into the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging domain of conditional question-answering. Utilizing the Conditional Question Answering (CQA) dataset and focusing on generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Syed-Amad Hussain , Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan

Accurate and efficient question-answering systems are essential for delivering high-quality patient care in the medical field. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides across various domains, they continue to face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hang Yang , Hao Chen , Hui Guo , Yineng Chen , Ching-Sheng Lin , Shu Hu , Jinrong Hu , Xi Wu , Xin Wang

Data augmentation is a widely used strategy to improve model robustness and generalization by enriching training datasets with synthetic examples. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generative capabilities for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Dongkyu Cho , Miao Zhang , Rumi Chunara

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task that requires systems to provide accurate answers to questions based on image content. Current VQA models struggle with complex questions due to limitations in capturing and integrating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Peiyuan Chen , Zecheng Zhang , Yiping Dong , Li Zhou , Han Wang

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

Hong Kong case law translation presents significant challenges: manual methods suffer from high costs and inconsistent quality, while both traditional machine translation and approaches relying solely on Large Language Models (LLMs) often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xi Xuan , Chunyu Kit

The sentiment analysis task has various applications in practice. In the sentiment analysis task, words and phrases that represent positive and negative emotions are important. Finding out the words that represent the emotion from the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 An Long Doan , Son T. Luu

Researchers produce thousands of scholarly documents containing valuable technical knowledge. The community faces the laborious task of reading these documents to identify, extract, and synthesize information. To automate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tavish McDonald , Brian Tsan , Amar Saini , Juanita Ordonez , Luis Gutierrez , Phan Nguyen , Blake Mason , Brenda Ng

Video text-based visual question answering (Video TextVQA) aims to answer questions by reasoning over visual textual content appearing in videos. Despite the strong multimodal video understanding capabilities of recent Video-LLMs, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Haibin He , Maoyuan Ye , Jing Zhang , Juhua Liu , Bo Du
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