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Retrosynthesis is the task of planning a series of chemical reactions to create a desired molecule from simpler, buyable molecules. While previous works have proposed algorithms to find optimal solutions for a range of metrics (e.g.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Austin Tripp , Krzysztof Maziarz , Sarah Lewis , Marwin Segler , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of organic chemistry and drug development. Although recent machine learning (ML) research has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haorui Wang , Jeff Guo , Lingkai Kong , Rampi Ramprasad , Philippe Schwaller , Yuanqi Du , Chao Zhang

Retrosynthetic planning aims to devise a complete multi-step synthetic route from starting materials to a target molecule. Current strategies use a decoupled approach of single-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms, taking only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Songtao Liu , Zhengkai Tu , Minkai Xu , Zuobai Zhang , Lu Lin , Rex Ying , Jian Tang , Peilin Zhao , Dinghao Wu

Recently, template-based (TB) and template-free (TF) molecule graph learning methods have shown promising results to retrosynthesis. TB methods are more accurate using pre-encoded reaction templates, and TF methods are more scalable by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Lirong Wu , Stan Z. Li

Using quantum computing, this paper addresses two scientifically pressing and day-to-day relevant problems, namely, chemical retrosynthesis which is an important step in drug/material discovery and security of the semiconductor supply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-18 Collin Beaudoin , Satwik Kundu , Rasit Onur Topaloglu , Swaroop Ghosh

Retrosynthesis strategically plans the synthesis of a chemical target compound from simpler, readily available precursor compounds. This process is critical for synthesizing novel inorganic materials, yet traditional methods in inorganic…

Retrosynthesis is a problem to infer reactant compounds to synthesize a given product compound through chemical reactions. Recent studies on retrosynthesis focus on proposing more sophisticated prediction models, but the dataset to feed the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Katsuhiko Ishiguro , Kazuya Ujihara , Ryohto Sawada , Hirotaka Akita , Masaaki Kotera

De novo molecule generation often results in chemically unfeasible molecules. A natural idea to mitigate this problem is to bias the search process towards more easily synthesizable molecules using a proxy for synthetic accessibility.…

Retrosynthesis planning, essential in organic synthesis and drug discovery, has greatly benefited from recent AI-driven advancements. Nevertheless, existing methods frequently face limitations in both applicability and explainability.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Situo Zhang , Hanqi Li , Lu Chen , Zihan Zhao , Xuanze Lin , Zichen Zhu , Bo Chen , Xin Chen , Kai Yu

Motivation: Retrosynthesis planning poses a formidable challenge in the organic chemical industry. Single-step retrosynthesis prediction, a crucial step in the planning process, has witnessed a surge in interest in recent years due to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Kaipeng Zeng , Bo yang , Xin Zhao , Yu Zhang , Fan Nie , Xiaokang Yang , Yaohui Jin , Yanyan Xu

This paper focuses on using natural language descriptions to enhance predictive models in the chemistry field. Conventionally, chemoinformatics models are trained with extensive structured data manually extracted from the literature. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Yujie Qian , Zhening Li , Zhengkai Tu , Connor W. Coley , Regina Barzilay

We compare the fast training and decoding speed of RETURNN of attention models for translation, due to fast CUDA LSTM kernels, and a fast pure TensorFlow beam search decoder. We show that a layer-wise pretraining scheme for recurrent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Albert Zeyer , Tamer Alkhouli , Hermann Ney

We describe a fully data driven model that learns to perform a retrosynthetic reaction prediction task, which is treated as a sequence-to-sequence mapping problem. The end-to-end trained model has an encoder-decoder architecture that…

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have expedited retrosynthesis research by assisting chemists to design experiments more efficiently. However, all ML-based methods consume substantial amounts of paired training data (i.e., chemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Xu Zhang , Yiming Mo , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang

Despite the acknowledged capability of template-free models in exploring unseen reaction spaces compared to template-based models for retrosynthesis prediction, their ability to venture beyond established boundaries remains relatively…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Shuan Chen , Yousung Jung

Chemical reaction prediction is pivotal for accelerating drug discovery and synthesis planning. Despite advances in data-driven models, current approaches are hindered by an overemphasis on parameter and dataset scaling. Some methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Ran Li , Shimin Di , Haowei LI , Luanshi Bu , Jiachuan Wang , Wangze Ni , Lei Chen

We investigated the effect of different training scenarios on predicting the (retro)synthesis of chemical compounds using a text-like representation of chemical reactions (SMILES) and Natural Language Processing neural network Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Igor V. Tetko , Pavel Karpov , Ruud Van Deursen , Guillaume Godin

Beta-turn prediction is useful in protein function studies and experimental design. Although recent approaches using machine-learning techniques such as SVM, neural networks, and K-NN have achieved good results for beta-turn pre-diction,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-14 Chao Fang , Yi Shang , Dong Xu

The prediction of organic reaction outcomes is a fundamental problem in computational chemistry. Since a reaction may involve hundreds of atoms, fully exploring the space of possible transformations is intractable. The current solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Wengong Jin , Connor W. Coley , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

In this work, we introduce a method to fine-tune a Transformer-based generative model for molecular de novo design. Leveraging the superior sequence learning capacity of Transformers over Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), our model can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Pengcheng Xu , Tao Feng , Tianfan Fu , Siddhartha Laghuvarapu , Jimeng Sun