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Large-scale white matter pathways crisscrossing the cortex create a complex pattern of connectivity that underlies human cognitive function. Generative mechanisms for this architecture have been difficult to identify in part because little…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-16 Florian Klimm , Danielle S. Bassett , Jean M. Carlson , Peter J. Mucha

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong performance on text-to-image retrieval benchmarks. However, bridging this success to real-world applications remains a challenge. In practice, human search behavior is rarely a one-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Diji Yang , Minghao Liu , Chung-Hsiang Lo , Yi Zhang , James Davis

Deep learning models based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have been widely used to diagnose brain diseases, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Existing studies have leveraged the functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Wonsik Jung , Eunjin Jeon , Eunsong Kang , Heung-Il Suk

Deep generative models are reported to be useful in broad applications including image generation. Repeated inference between data space and latent space in these models can denoise cluttered images and improve the quality of inferred…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-13 Yoshihiro Nagano , Ryo Karakida , Masato Okada

The goal of emotional brain state classification on functional MRI (fMRI) data is to recognize brain activity patterns related to specific emotion tasks performed by subjects during an experiment. Distinguishing emotional brain states from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Maxime Tchibozo , Donggeun Kim , Zijing Wang , Xiaofu He

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is an effective tool for the analysis of structural brain connectivity in normal development and in a broad range of brain disorders. However efforts to derive inherent characteristics of structural brain…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Yu Jin , Joseph F. JaJa , Rong Chen , Edward H. Herskovits

Accurate brain tumor diagnosis relies on the assessment of multiple Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. However, in clinical practice, the acquisition of certain sequences may be affected by factors like motion artifacts or contrast…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Moinak Bhattacharya , Saumya Gupta , Annie Singh , Chao Chen , Gagandeep Singh , Prateek Prasanna

Partially inspired by features of computation in visual cortex, deep neural networks compute hierarchical representations of their inputs. While these networks have been highly successful in machine learning, it remains unclear to what…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-20 Jianghong Shi , Eric Shea-Brown , Michael A. Buice

Modern deep learning methods have achieved impressive results across tasks from disease classification, estimating continuous biomarkers, to generating realistic medical images. Most of these approaches are trained to model conditional…

In this paper, we propose a novel approach called DIffusion-guided DIversity (DIDI) for offline behavioral generation. The goal of DIDI is to learn a diverse set of skills from a mixture of label-free offline data. We achieve this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jinxin Liu , Xinghong Guo , Zifeng Zhuang , Donglin Wang

Numerous models have been developed for scanpath and saliency prediction, which are typically trained on scanpaths, which model eye movement as a sequence of discrete fixation points connected by saccades, while the rich information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ozgur Kara , Harris Nisar , James M. Rehg

Diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling, enabling unprecedented realism in image and video synthesis. This success has sparked interest in leveraging their representations for visual understanding tasks. While recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pedro Vélez , Luisa F. Polanía , Yi Yang , Chuhan Zhang , Rishabh Kabra , Anurag Arnab , Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi

Current AI frameworks for brain decoding and encoding, typically train and test models within the same datasets. This limits their utility for brain computer interfaces (BCI) or neurofeedback, for which it would be useful to pool…

Analyzing interaction data provides an opportunity to learn about users, uncover their underlying goals, and create intelligent visualization systems. The first step for intelligent response in visualizations is to enable computers to infer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Shayan Monadjemi , Roman Garnett , Alvitta Ottley

Conventional visualization media such as MRI prints and computer screens are inherently two dimensional, making them incapable of displaying true 3D volume data sets. By applying only transparency or intensity projection, and ignoring…

Graphics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gibby Koldenhof

Mental simulation is a critical cognitive function for goal-directed behavior because it is essential for assessing actions and their consequences. When a self-generated or externally specified goal is given, a sequence of actions that is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Minju Jung , Takazumi Matsumoto , Jun Tani

Functional brain network properties are heavily influenced by how the the network nodes are defined. A common approach uses Regions of Interest (ROIs), i.e., predetermined collections of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-07 Tarmo Nurmi , Pietro De Luca , Maria Hakonen , Mikko Kivelä , Onerva Korhonen

Decoding visual stimuli from brain recordings aims to deepen our understanding of the human visual system and build a solid foundation for bridging human and computer vision through the Brain-Computer Interface. However, reconstructing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Zijiao Chen , Jiaxin Qing , Tiange Xiang , Wan Lin Yue , Juan Helen Zhou

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) plays a critical role in studying microstructural changes in the brain. It is, therefore, widely used in clinical practice; yet progress in learning general-purpose representations from dMRI has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Gustavo Chau Loo Kung , Mohammad Abbasi , Camila Blank , Juze Zhang , Alan Q. Wang , Sophie Ostmeier , Akshay Chaudhari , Kilian Pohl , Ehsan Adeli

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) exploits the anisotropic diffusion of water molecules in the brain to enable the estimation of the brain's anatomical fiber tracts at a relatively high resolution. In particular, tractographic…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2016-09-14 Yu Jin , Joseph F. JaJa , Rong Chen , Edward H. Herskovits