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Scaling model size, training data, and compute power have driven advances in large language models (LLMs), but these approaches are reaching saturation as human-generated text is exhausted and further gains diminish. We propose experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xingkun Yin , Kaibin Huang , Dong In Kim , Hongyang Du

In today's digital society, the Tor network has become an indispensable tool for individuals to protect their privacy on the Internet. Operated by volunteers, relay servers constitute the core component of Tor and are used to geographically…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Christoph Döpmann , Matthias Marx , Hannes Federrath , Florian Tschorsch

This survey presents the main results achieved for the influence maximization problem in social networks. This problem is well studied in the literature and, thanks to its recent applications, some of which currently deployed on the field,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Giuseppe De Nittis , Nicola Gatti

We consider a finite structured population of mobile individuals that strategically explore a network using a Markov movement model and interact with each other via a public goods game. We extend the model of Erovenko et al. (2019) from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-11 Igor V. Erovenko , Mark Broom

Growth models have been proposed for constructing the scale-free overlay topology to improve the performance of unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. However, previous growth models are able to maintain the limited scale-free topology…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-07-13 Xiaoyan Lu , Eyuphan Bulut , Boleslaw Szymanski

Anonymous communication systems are subject to selective denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Selective DoS attacks lower anonymity as they force paths to be rebuilt multiple times to ensure delivery which increases the opportunity for more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov

Neural networks (NNs) are making a large impact both on research and industry. Nevertheless, as NNs' accuracy increases, it is followed by an expansion in their size, required number of compute operations and energy consumption. Increase in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Martin Ferianc , Anush Sankaran , Olivier Mastropietro , Ehsan Saboori , Quentin Cappart

Flow correlation is the core technique used in a multitude of deanonymization attacks on Tor. Despite the importance of flow correlation attacks on Tor, existing flow correlation techniques are considered to be ineffective and unreliable in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Milad Nasr , Alireza Bahramali , Amir Houmansadr

Ethernet topology discovery has gained increasing interest in the recent years. This trend is motivated mostly by increasing number of carrier Ethernet networks as well as the size of these networks, and consequently the increasing sales of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-08-10 Abdulqader M. El-Sayed

Blockchain is a novel technology that is rising a lot of interest in the industrial and re- search sectors because its properties of decentralisation, immutability and data integrity. Initially, the underlying consensus mechanism has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Stefano De Angelis

We investigate the disruption of discrete-time consensus problems via grounding. Loosely speaking, grounding a network occurs if the state of one agent no longer responds to inputs from other agents and/or changes its dynamics. Then, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-15 Yamin Yan , Sonja Stüdli , Maria M. Seron , Richard H. Middleton

Tor is the most widely used anonymity network, currently serving millions of users each day. However, there is no access control in place for all these users, leaving the network vulnerable to botnet abuse and attacks. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Zhuotao Liu , Yushan Liu , Philipp Winter , Prateek Mittal , Yih-Chun Hu

One of the most important features observed in real networks is that, as a network's topology evolves so does the network's ability to perform various complex tasks. To explain this, it has also been observed that as a network grows certain…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-12-06 L. A. Bunimovich , D. C. Smith , B. Z. Webb

The community structure of complex networks reveals both their organization and hidden relationships among their constituents. Most community detection methods currently available are not deterministic, and their results typically depend on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-03-29 Andrea Lancichinetti , Santo Fortunato

The structure of real-world networks is usually difficult to characterize owing to the variation of topological scales, the nondyadic complex interactions, and the fluctuations in the network. We aim to address these problems by introducing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Quoc Hoan Tran , Van Tuan Vo , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Advantages of hypercube network and torus topology are used to derive an embedded architecture for product network known as torus embedded hypercube scalable interconnection network. This paper analyzes torus embedded hypercube network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-12-14 N. Gopalakrishna Kini , M. Sathish Kumar , H. S. Mruthyunjaya

Tor hidden services allow running Internet services while protecting the location of the servers. Their main purpose is to enable freedom of speech even in situations in which powerful adversaries try to suppress it. However, providing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Alex Biryukov , Ivan Pustogarov , Fabrice Thill , Ralf-Philipp Weinmann

Connectivity correlations play an important role in the structure of scale-free networks. While several empirical studies exist, there is no general theoretical analysis that can explain the largely varying behavior of real networks. Here,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Lazaros K. Gallos , Chaoming Song , Hernan A. Makse

We introduce a new mechanism of connectivity evolution in networks to account for the emergence of scale-free behavior. The mechanism works on a fixed set of nodes and promotes growth from a minimally connected initial topology by the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Valmir C. Barbosa , Raul Donangelo , Sergio R. Souza

Tor and hidden services have emerged as a practical solution to protect user privacy against tracking and censorship. At the same time, little is known about the lifetime and nature of hidden services. Data collection and study of Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Amirali Sanatinia , Jeman Park , Erik-Oliver Blass , Aziz Mohaisen , Guevara Noubir