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We explore the phase diagram of approximation rates for deep neural networks and prove several new theoretical results. In particular, we generalize the existing result on the existence of deep discontinuous phase in ReLU networks to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Dmitry Yarotsky , Anton Zhevnerchuk

This note establishes a theoretical framework for finding (potentially overparameterized) approximations of a function on a compact set with a-priori bounds for the generalization error. The approximation method considered is to choose,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Arthur C. B. de Oliveira , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester , Eduardo D. Sontag

This paper presents a margin-based multiclass generalization bound for neural networks that scales with their margin-normalized "spectral complexity": their Lipschitz constant, meaning the product of the spectral norms of the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Peter Bartlett , Dylan J. Foster , Matus Telgarsky

We introduce a class of fully-connected neural networks whose activation functions, rather than being pointwise, rescale feature vectors by a function depending only on their norm. We call such networks radial neural networks, extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Iordan Ganev , Twan van Laarhoven , Robin Walters

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have been widely applied to various fields, especially signal processing and image recognition. However, few works focus on the generalization of CVNNs, albeit it is vital to ensure the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Haowen Chen , Fengxiang He , Shiye Lei , Dacheng Tao

We study the convergence of gradient flows related to learning deep linear neural networks (where the activation function is the identity map) from data. In this case, the composition of the network layers amounts to simply multiplying the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Bubacarr Bah , Holger Rauhut , Ulrich Terstiege , Michael Westdickenberg

The universal approximation theorem asserts that a single hidden layer neural network approximates continuous functions with any desired precision on compact sets. As an existential result, the universal approximation theorem supports the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Wington L. Vital , Guilherme Vieira , Marcos Eduardo Valle

In deep learning, dense layer connectivity has become a key design principle in deep neural networks (DNNs), enabling efficient information flow and strong performance across a range of applications. In this work, we model densely connected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jinshu Huang , Haibin Su , Xue-Cheng Tai , Chunlin Wu

It has been observed that design choices of neural networks are often crucial for their successful optimization. In this article, we therefore discuss the question if it is always possible to redesign a neural network so that it trains well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 G. Welper

Universality results for equivariant neural networks remain rare. Those that do exist typically hold only in restrictive settings: either they rely on regular or higher-order tensor representations, leading to impractically high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Marco Pacini , Mircea Petrache , Bruno Lepri , Shubhendu Trivedi , Robin Walters

In this paper, a universal approximation theorem (UAT) for shallow neural networks whose inputs belong to a topological vector space (TVS) and whose outputs take values in a Hausdorff locally convex TVS is established. The networks are…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Sachin Saini

Deep Learning has revolutionized vision via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and natural language processing via recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, success stories of Deep Learning with standard feed-forward neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Günter Klambauer , Thomas Unterthiner , Andreas Mayr , Sepp Hochreiter

We study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the inverse quasi-variational inequality problem. Motivated by the neural network approach to solving optimization problems such as variational inequality, monotone inclusion, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-13 Soumitra Dey , Simeon Reich

In this article we identify a general class of high-dimensional continuous functions that can be approximated by deep neural networks (DNNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation without the curse of dimensionality. In other…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Adrian Riekert

This paper is concerned with the training of neural networks (NNs) under semidefinite constraints, which allows for NN training with robustness and stability guarantees. In particular, we focus on Lipschitz bounds for NNs. Exploiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Patricia Pauli , Niklas Funcke , Dennis Gramlich , Mohamed Amine Msalmi , Frank Allgöwer

In this paper, we develop a wavelet-based theoretical framework for analyzing the universal approximation capabilities of neural networks over a wide range of activation functions. Leveraging wavelet frame theory on the spaces of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Youngmi Hur , Hyojae Lim , Mikyoung Lim

We study the sample complexity of learning one-hidden-layer convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with non-overlapping filters. We propose a novel algorithm called approximate gradient descent for training CNNs, and show that, with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

The remarkable successes of neural networks in a huge variety of inverse problems have fueled their adoption in disciplines ranging from medical imaging to seismic analysis over the past decade. However, the high dimensionality of such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-11 Santhosh Karnik , Rongrong Wang , Mark Iwen

Attention is a powerful component of modern neural networks across a wide variety of domains. In this paper, we seek to quantify the regularity (i.e. the amount of smoothness) of the attention operation. To accomplish this goal, we propose…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-11 James Vuckovic , Aristide Baratin , Remi Tachet des Combes

In the present study, we investigate a universality of neural networks, which concerns a density of the set of two-layer neural networks in a function spaces. There are many works that handle the convergence over compact sets. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Naoya Hatano , Masahiro Ikeda , Isao Ishikawa , Yoshihiro Sawano