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We present an architecture for ad hoc teamwork, which refers to collaboration in a team of agents without prior coordination. State of the art methods for this problem often include a data-driven component that uses a long history of prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Hasra Dodampegama , Mohan Sridharan

AI agents deployed in assistive roles often have to collaborate with other agents (humans, AI systems) without prior coordination. Methods considered state of the art for such ad hoc teamwork often pursue a data-driven approach that needs a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Hasra Dodampegama , Mohan Sridharan

Open ad hoc teamwork is the problem of training a single agent to efficiently collaborate with an unknown group of teammates whose composition may change over time. A variable team composition creates challenges for the agent, such as the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Arrasy Rahman , Ignacio Carlucho , Niklas Höpner , Stefano V. Albrecht

In this paper, we present a novel Bayesian online prediction algorithm for the problem setting of ad hoc teamwork under partial observability (ATPO), which enables on-the-fly collaboration with unknown teammates performing an unknown task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-11 João G. Ribeiro , Cassandro Martinho , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

Ad hoc teamwork is the challenging problem of designing an autonomous agent which can adapt quickly to collaborate with teammates without prior coordination mechanisms, including joint training. Prior work in this area has focused on closed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Arrasy Rahman , Niklas Höpner , Filippos Christianos , Stefano V. Albrecht

Ad hoc teamwork problem describes situations where an agent has to cooperate with previously unseen agents to achieve a common goal. For an agent to be successful in these scenarios, it has to have a suitable cooperative skill. One could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Rujikorn Charakorn , Poramate Manoonpong , Nat Dilokthanakul

This paper introduces a formal definition of the setting of ad hoc teamwork under partial observability and proposes a first-principled model-based approach which relies only on prior knowledge and partial observations of the environment in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-04 João G. Ribeiroa , Cassandro Martinhoa , Alberto Sardinhaa , Francisco S. Melo

A key goal of ad hoc teamwork is to develop a learning agent that cooperates with unknown teams, without resorting to any pre-coordination protocol. Despite a vast number of ad hoc teamwork algorithms in the literature, most of them cannot…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Alexandre Neves , Alberto Sardinha

This work proposes a framework that incorporates trust in an ad hoc teamwork scenario with human-agent teams, where an agent must collaborate with a human to perform a task. During the task, the agent must infer, through interactions and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ana Carrasco

This work studies the problem of ad hoc teamwork in teams composed of agents with differing computational capabilities. We consider cooperative multi-player games in which each agent's policy is constrained by a private capability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Charles Jin , Zhang-Wei Hong , Farid Arthaud , Idan Orzech , Martin Rinard

Ad hoc teamwork is the research problem of designing agents that can collaborate with new teammates without prior coordination. This survey makes a two-fold contribution: First, it provides a structured description of the different facets…

Planning for ad hoc teamwork is challenging because it involves agents collaborating without any prior coordination or communication. The focus is on principled methods for a single agent to cooperate with others. This motivates…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Muthukumaran Chandrasekaran , Prashant Doshi , Yifeng Zeng , Yingke Chen

A significant element of human cooperative intelligence lies in our ability to identify opportunities for fruitful collaboration; and conversely to recognise when the task at hand is better pursued alone. Research on flexible cooperation in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Max Taylor-Davies , Neil Bramley , Christopher G. Lucas

Modelling the behaviours of other agents is essential for understanding how agents interact and making effective decisions. Existing methods for agent modelling commonly assume knowledge of the local observations and chosen actions of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Stefano V. Albrecht

Ad hoc teamwork (AHT) requires agents to collaborate with previously unseen teammates, which is crucial for many real-world applications. The core challenge of AHT is to develop an ego agent that can predict and adapt to unknown teammates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hohei Chan , Xinzhi Zhang , Antao Xiang , Weinan Zhang , Mengchen Zhao

Advances in ad hoc teamwork have the potential to create agents that collaborate robustly in real-world applications. Agents deployed in the real world, however, are vulnerable to adversaries with the intent to subvert them. There has been…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Ted Fujimoto , Samrat Chatterjee , Auroop Ganguly

Adversarial decision-making in partially observable multi-agent systems requires sophisticated strategies for both deception and counter-deception. This paper presents a sequential hypothesis testing (SHT)-driven framework that captures the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Haosheng Zhou , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Ruimeng Hu

This paper proposes RecBayes, a novel approach for ad hoc teamwork under partial observability, a setting where agents are deployed on-the-fly to environments where pre-existing teams operate, that never requires, at any stage, access to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-23 João G. Ribeiro , Yaniv Oren , Alberto Sardinha , Matthijs Spaan , Francisco S. Melo

Learning by observation can be of key importance whenever agents sharing similar features want to learn from each other. This paper presents an agent architecture that enables software agents to learn by direct observation of the actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Paulo Roberto Costa , Luís Miguel Botelho

Most offline RL algorithms return optimal policies but do not provide statistical guarantees on desirable behaviors. This could generate reliability issues in safety-critical applications, such as in some multiagent domains where agents,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Edoardo Zorzi , Alberto Castellini , Leonidas Bakopoulos , Georgios Chalkiadakis , Alessandro Farinelli
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