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Advances in reinforcement learning (RL) often rely on massive compute resources and remain notoriously sample inefficient. In contrast, the human brain is able to efficiently learn effective control strategies using limited resources. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Burcu Küçükoğlu , Walraaf Borkent , Bodo Rueckauer , Nasir Ahmad , Umut Güçlü , Marcel van Gerven

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

The limited priors required by neural networks make them the dominating choice to encode and learn policies using reinforcement learning (RL). However, they are also black-boxes, making it hard to understand the agent's behaviour,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Quentin Delfosse , Hikaru Shindo , Devendra Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Progress in multiagent intelligence research is fundamentally limited by the number and quality of environments available for study. In recent years, simulated games have become a dominant research platform within reinforcement learning, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Igor Mordatch , Phillip Isola

Recent work in hierarchical reinforcement learning has shown success in scaling to billions of timesteps when learning over a set of predefined option reward functions. We show that, instead of using a single reward function per option, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Michael Tryfan Matthews , Anssi Kanervisto , Jakob Foerster , Pierluca D'Oro , Scott Fujimoto , Mikael Henaff

We consider the problem of predicting human players' actions in repeated strategic interactions. Our goal is to predict the dynamic step-by-step behavior of individual players in previously unseen games. We study the ability of neural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Yoav Kolumbus , Gali Noti

Neural-Symbolic (NeSy) Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a promising approach for combining the learning capabilities of neural networks with the interpretable reasoning of symbolic systems. However, existing NeSy frameworks typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Marios Thoma , Vassilis Vassiliades , Loizos Michael

Many machine learning strategies designed to automate mathematical tasks leverage neural networks to search large combinatorial spaces of mathematical symbols. In contrast to traditional evolutionary approaches, using a neural network at…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled agents to master complex video games, from first-person shooters like Counter-Strike to real-time strategy games such as StarCraft II and racing games like Gran Turismo. While these achievements are…

Intelligent agents must reason over both continuous dynamics and discrete representations to generate effective plans in complex environments. Previous studies have shown that symbolic abstractions can emerge from neural effect predictors…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Fatih Dogangun , Burcu Kilic , Serdar Bahar , Emre Ugur

Cybersecurity demands both rapid pattern recognition and deliberative reasoning, yet purely neural or purely symbolic approaches each address only one side of this duality. Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) AI bridges this gap by integrating learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Safayat Bin Hakim , Muhammad Adil , Alvaro Velasquez , Shouhuai Xu , Houbing Herbert Song

Imitation learning is widely used for learning to act in complex environments. While pure neural-based methods handle high dimensional data effectively, they suffer from the requirement of large number of samples and are prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Varun Balaji , Athresh Karanam , Kristian Kersting , Sriraam Natarajan

Recent years have seen an increasing amount of work on embodied AI agents that can perform tasks by following human language instructions. However, most of these agents are reactive, meaning that they simply learn and imitate behaviors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yichi Zhang , Jianing Yang , Jiayi Pan , Shane Storks , Nikhil Devraj , Ziqiao Ma , Keunwoo Peter Yu , Yuwei Bao , Joyce Chai

Large language models (LLMs) continue to face challenges in reliably solving reasoning tasks, particularly those that require precise rule following, as often found in mathematical reasoning. This paper introduces a novel neurosymbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Dhanraj , Chris Eliasmith

Generative model-based imitation learning methods have recently achieved strong results in learning high-complexity motor skills from human demonstrations. However, imitation learning of interactive policies that coordinate with humans in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Max M. Sun , Todd Murphey

Artificial intelligence techniques are increasingly being applied to solve control problems, but often rely on black-box methods without transparent output generation. To improve the interpretability and transparency in control systems,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Sigur de Vries , Sander Keemink , Marcel van Gerven

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents…

Roguelike games generally feature exploration problems as a critical, yet often repetitive element of gameplay. Automated approaches, however, face challenges in terms of optimality, as well as due to incomplete information, such as from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Jonathan C. Campbell , Clark Verbrugge

Despite the practical success of Artificial Intelligence (AI), current neural AI algorithms face two significant issues. First, the decisions made by neural architectures are often prone to bias and brittleness. Second, when a chain of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sushmita Paul , Jinqiang Yu , Jip J. Dekker , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence is a novel area of AI research which seeks to combine traditional rules-based AI approaches with modern deep learning techniques. Neuro-symbolic models have already demonstrated the capability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zachary Susskind , Bryce Arden , Lizy K. John , Patrick Stockton , Eugene B. John