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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances language models by integrating external knowledge, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on system configuration. Improper retrieval settings can degrade performance, making RAG less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jennifer Hsia , Afreen Shaikh , Zhiruo Wang , Graham Neubig

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models with external evidence, but many implementations rely on pre-built indices that remain static after construction. Related queries therefore repeat similar multi-hop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yifan Wang , Mingxuan Jiang , Zhihao Sun , Yixin Cao , Yicun Liu , Keyang Chen , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach for enhancing large language models' question-answering capabilities through the integration of external knowledge. However, when adapting RAG systems to specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xin Sun , Zhongqi Chen , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Bowen Song , Weiqiang Wang , Zilei Wang , Liang Wang

With the advancement of information retrieval (IR) technologies, robustness is increasingly attracting attention. When deploying technology into practice, we consider not only its average performance under normal conditions but, more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yu-An Liu , Haya Nachimovsky , Ruqing Zhang , Oren Kurland , Jiafeng Guo , Moshe Tennenholtz

We present a comprehensive framework for enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through dynamic retrieval strategies and reinforcement fine-tuning. This approach significantly improves large language models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Akash Das , Shivam Gupta , Venkataramana Runkana

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, the efficacy of RAG is often bottlenecked by the ``one-size-fits-all'' retrieval paradigm, as different queries exhibit distinct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tong Zhao , Yutao Zhu , Yucheng Tian , Zhicheng Dou

With the growing popularity of LLM agents and RAG, it has become increasingly important to retrieve documents that are essential for solving a task, even when their connection to the task is indirect or implicit. Addressing this problem…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junwei Lan , Jianlyu Chen , Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian

Dynamic Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) has shown great success in mitigating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) during generation. However, existing dynamic RAG methods face significant limitations in two key aspects: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hanghui Guo , Jia Zhu , Shimin Di , Weijie Shi , Zhangze Chen , Jiajie Xu

Clients wishing to implement generative AI in the domain of IT Support and AIOps face two critical issues: domain coverage and model size constraints due to model choice limitations. Clients might choose to not use larger proprietary models…

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, but their effectiveness often depends on the quality of the provided context. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches prompts with external information, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Oussama Gabouj , Kamel Charaf , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Baldwin , Robert West

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven effective for knowledge-intensive tasks, but is widely believed to offer limited benefit for reasoning-intensive problems such as math and code generation. We challenge this assumption by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Negar Arabzadeh , Wenjie Ma , Sewon Min , Matei Zaharia

In-context learning has recently been linked to implicit gradient descent in linear self-attention models, suggesting that context can induce a forward-pass update. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) also relies on context, but retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingchen Li , Jiatan Huang , Chuxu Zhang , Liang Zhao , Hong Yu

Existing QA benchmarks typically assume distinct documents with minimal overlap, yet real-world retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems operate on corpora such as financial reports, legal codes, and patents, where information is highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hanjun Cho , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Document retrieval techniques are essential for developing large-scale information systems. The common approach involves using a bi-encoder to compute the semantic similarity between a query and documents. However, the scalar similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Haoyu Liu , Shaohan Huang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Furu Wei , Qi Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to hallucinations and outdated parametric knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external corpora, its effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Su Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Yilin Xiao , Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Xiao Huang

Heavily pre-trained transformers for language modelling, such as BERT, have shown to be remarkably effective for Information Retrieval (IR) tasks, typically applied to re-rank the results of a first-stage retrieval model. IR benchmarks…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Gustavo Penha , Arthur Câmara , Claudia Hauff

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

State-of-the-art systems in deep question answering proceed as follows: (1) an initial document retrieval selects relevant documents, which (2) are then processed by a neural network in order to extract the final answer. Yet the exact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel