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Effective coordination is crucial to solve multi-agent collaborative (MAC) problems. While centralized reinforcement learning methods can optimally solve small MAC instances, they do not scale to large problems and they fail to generalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Nicolas Carion , Gabriel Synnaeve , Alessandro Lazaric , Nicolas Usunier

We present trust region bounds for optimizing decentralized policies in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), which holds even when the transition dynamics are non-stationary. This new analysis provides a theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Mingfei Sun , Sam Devlin , Jacob Beck , Katja Hofmann , Shimon Whiteson

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have made promising progress in recent years by leveraging the centralized training and decentralized execution (CTDE) paradigm. However, existing MARL algorithms still suffer from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Xiao Ma , Wu-Jun Li

Decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have become popular in the literature since it allows heterogeneous agents to have their own reward functions as opposed to canonical multi-agent Markov Decision Process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Soumajyoti Sarkar

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is typically formalised as a Decentralised Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (Dec-POMDP), where agents must reason about the environment and other agents' behaviour. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Kale-ab Abebe Tessera , Leonard Hinckeldey , Riccardo Zamboni , David Abel , Amos Storkey

Current value-based multi-agent reinforcement learning methods optimize individual Q values to guide individuals' behaviours via centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE). However, such expected, i.e., risk-neutral, Q value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Wei Qiu , Xinrun Wang , Runsheng Yu , Xu He , Rundong Wang , Bo An , Svetlana Obraztsova , Zinovi Rabinovich

In typical multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems, communication is important for agents to share information and make the right decisions. However, due to the complexity of training multi-agent communication, existing methods…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuyan Ma , Yawen Wang , Junjie Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Boyu Wu , Shoubin Li , Fanjiang Xu , Qing Wang

This paper presents a quantitative comparison between centralised and distributed multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) architectures for controlling a soft robotic arm modelled as a Cosserat rod in simulation. Using PyElastica and the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Linxin Hou , Qirui Wu , Zhihang Qin , Neil Banerjee , Yongxin Guo , Cecilia Laschi

In heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the overlap of small cells and the macro cell causes severe cross-tier interference. Although there exist some approaches to address this problem, they usually require global channel state information,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-16 Kaidi Xu , Nguyen Van Huynh , Geoffrey Ye Li

Recent reinforcement learning (RL) methods have achieved success in various domains. However, multi-agent RL (MARL) remains a challenge in terms of decentralization, partial observability and scalability to many agents. Meanwhile,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kai Cui , Sascha Hauck , Christian Fabian , Heinz Koeppl

The paper considers independent reinforcement learning (IRL) for multi-agent collaborative decision-making in the paradigm of federated learning (FL). However, FL generates excessive communication overheads between agents and a remote…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Xing Xu , Rongpeng Li , Zhifeng Zhao , Honggang Zhang

We explore value-based multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in the popular paradigm of centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE). CTDE has an important concept, Individual-Global-Max (IGM) principle, which requires the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jianhao Wang , Zhizhou Ren , Terry Liu , Yang Yu , Chongjie Zhang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a powerfulparadigm for cooperative decision-making in connected autonomous vehicles(CAVs); however, existing approaches often fail to guarantee stability, optimality,and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Mazyar Taghavi , Javad Vahidi

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, a commonly considered paradigm is centralized training with decentralized execution. However, in this framework, decentralized execution restricts the development of coordinated policies due to the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wenzhe Fan , Zishun Yu , Chengdong Ma , Changye Li , Yaodong Yang , Xinhua Zhang

In this work, we investigate constrained multi-agent reinforcement learning (CMARL), where agents collaboratively maximize the sum of their local objectives while satisfying individual safety constraints. We propose a framework where agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Pengcheng Dai , He Wang , Dongming Wang , Wenwu Yu

Independent on-policy policy gradient algorithms are widely used for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in cooperative and no-conflict games, but they are known to converge sub-optimally when each agent's individual policy gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Nicholas E. Corrado , Josiah P. Hanna

This dissertation explores the application of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for handling deadlocks in intralogistics systems that rely on autonomous mobile robots (AMRs). AMRs enhance operational flexibility but also increase…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Marcel Müller

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods have achieved state-of-the-art results on a range of multi-agent tasks. Yet, MARL algorithms typically require significantly more environment interactions than their single-agent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Tom Danino , Nahum Shimkin

We explore value-based solutions for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks in the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) regime popularized recently. However, VDN and QMIX are representative examples that use the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Kyunghwan Son , Daewoo Kim , Wan Ju Kang , David Earl Hostallero , Yung Yi

This article introduces a generalized framework for Decentralized Learning formulated as a Multi-Objective Optimization problem, in which both distributed agents and a central coordinator contribute independent, potentially conflicting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Roberto Morales , Umberto Biccari