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A challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is minimizing the cost of sampling associated with exploration. Distributed exploration reduces sampling complexity in multi-agent RL (MARL). We investigate the benefits to performance in MARL when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Justin Lidard , Udari Madhushani , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Inspection and maintenance (I&M) planning involves sequential decision making under uncertainties and incomplete information, and can be modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). While single-agent deep…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Prateek Bhustali , Pablo G. Morato , Konstantinos G. Papakonstantinou , Charalampos P. Andriotis

Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) has been a popular paradigm in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) settings and is widely used in many real applications. One of the major challenges in the training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jiahui Li , Kun Kuang , Baoxiang Wang , Furui Liu , Long Chen , Fei Wu , Jun Xiao

Due to information asymmetry, finding optimal policies for Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (Dec-POMDPs) is hard with the complexity growing doubly exponentially in the horizon length. The challenge increases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Hsu Kao , Vijay Subramanian

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a useful approach to solving decentralised decision-making problems at scale. Research in the field has been growing steadily with many breakthrough algorithms proposed in recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Rihab Gorsane , Omayma Mahjoub , Ruan de Kock , Roland Dubb , Siddarth Singh , Arnu Pretorius

One of the main challenges in Grid systems is designing an adaptive, scalable, and model-independent method for job scheduling to achieve a desirable degree of load balancing and system efficiency. Centralized job scheduling methods have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-13 Milad Moradi

The domain of safe multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), despite its potential applications in areas ranging from drone delivery and vehicle automation to the development of zero-energy communities, remains relatively unexplored. The…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Raheeb Hassan , K. M. Shadman Wadith , Md. Mamun or Rashid , Md. Mosaddek Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in language tasks but often lack collaborative awareness and struggle to optimize global performance in multi-agent settings. We present a reinforcement learning-augmented LLM agent framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Dong Qiu , Duo Xu , Limengxi Yue

Efficient task scheduling in large-scale distributed systems presents significant challenges due to dynamic workloads, heterogeneous resources, and competing quality-of-service requirements. Traditional centralized approaches face…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniel Benniah John

Almost all multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms without communication follow the principle of centralized training with decentralized execution. During centralized training, agents can be guided by the same signals, such as the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Dapeng Li , Zeren Zhang , Guangchong Zhou , Hao Chen , Guoliang Fan

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is widely used to address large joint observation and action spaces by decomposing a centralized control problem into multiple interacting agents. However, such decomposition often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zijian Zhao , Jing Gao , Sen Li

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), independent learning (IL) often shows remarkable performance and easily scales with the number of agents. Yet, using IL can be inefficient and runs the risk of failing to successfully train,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-06 David Mguni , Haojun Chen , Taher Jafferjee , Jianhong Wang , Long Fei , Xidong Feng , Stephen McAleer , Feifei Tong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Despite the increasing interest in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in multiple communities, understanding its theoretical foundation has long been recognized as a challenging problem. In this work, we address this problem by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Han Liu , Tong Zhang , Tamer Başar

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) provides a powerful framework for learning coordination in multi-agent systems. However, applying MARL to robotics still remains challenging due to high-dimensional continuous joint action spaces,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Seoyeon Choi , Kanghyun Ryu , Jonghoon Ock , Negar Mehr

By enabling agents to communicate, recent cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods have demonstrated better task performance and more coordinated behavior. Most existing approaches facilitate inter-agent communication…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yat Long Lo , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Samuel Sokota , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster , Shimon Whiteson

Recent multi-agent actor-critic methods have utilized centralized training with decentralized execution to address the non-stationarity of co-adapting agents. This training paradigm constrains learning to the centralized phase such that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Kevin Corder , Manuel M. Vindiola , Keith Decker

Real-time dynamic scheduling is a crucial but notoriously challenging task in modern manufacturing processes due to its high decision complexity. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been gaining attention as an impactful technique to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Han Liu , Nital S. Patel , Xiuqi Li , Balakrishnan Ananthanarayanan , Husam Dauod , Tzung-Han Juang

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

In many real-world problems, a team of agents need to collaborate to maximize the common reward. Although existing works formulate this problem into a centralized learning with decentralized execution framework, which avoids the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Liheng Chen , Hongyi Guo , Yali Du , Fei Fang , Haifeng Zhang , Yaoming Zhu , Ming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Qing Wang , Yong Yu
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