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Evaluation practices in natural language generation (NLG) have many known flaws, but improved evaluation approaches are rarely widely adopted. This issue has become more urgent, since neural NLG models have improved to the point where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Sebastian Gehrmann , Elizabeth Clark , Thibault Sellam

Machine learning has demonstrated remarkable performance over finite datasets, yet whether the scores over the fixed benchmarks can sufficiently indicate the model's performance in the real world is still in discussion. In reality, an ideal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Peiyan Zhang , Haoyang Liu , Chaozhuo Li , Xing Xie , Sunghun Kim , Haohan Wang

We introduce AccurateRAG -- a novel framework for constructing high-performance question-answering applications based on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Our framework offers a pipeline for development efficiency with tools for raw…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Linh The Nguyen , Chi Tran , Dung Ngoc Nguyen , Van-Cuong Pham , Hoang Ngo , Dat Quoc Nguyen

To maximize the accuracy and increase the overall acceptance of text classifiers, we propose a framework for the efficient, in-operation moderation of classifiers' output. Our framework focuses on use cases in which F1-scores of modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Jakob Smedegaard Andersen , Walid Maalej

Datalog is a popular and widely-used declarative logic programming language. Datalog engines apply many cross-rule optimizations; bugs in them can cause incorrect results. To detect such optimization bugs, we propose an automated testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Chi Zhang , Linzhang Wang , Manuel Rigger

Theorem proving is fundamental to program verification, where the automated proof of Verification Conditions (VCs) remains a primary bottleneck. Real-world program verification frequently encounters hard VCs that existing Automated Theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qiyuan Xu , Xiaokun Luan , Renxi Wang , Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Peixin Wang , Haonan Li , Wenda Li , Conrad Watt

Unit testing is essential for software quality assurance, yet writing and maintaining tests remains time-consuming and error-prone. To address this challenge, researchers have proposed various techniques for automating unit test generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dianshu Liao , Xin Yin , Shidong Pan , Chao Ni , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

Code generation models can help improve many common software tasks ranging from code completion to defect prediction. Most of the existing benchmarks for code generation LLMs focus on code authoring or code completion. Surprisingly, there…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kush Jain , Gabriel Synnaeve , Baptiste Rozière

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to improve truth grounding and coherence in natural language processing tasks. However, the reliability of RAG systems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Joel Suro

Generate-then-rank is the dominant test-time scaling (TTS) paradigm for code generation, but scaling accuracy by sampling and executing more candidates makes comprehensive verification a major computational bottleneck. This creates an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Gabriel Orlanski , Nicholas Roberts , Aws Albarghouthi , Frederic Sala

Performance of end-to-end neural networks on a given hardware platform is a function of its compute and memory signature, which in-turn, is governed by a wide range of parameters such as topology size, primitives used, framework used,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Raghavendra Bhat , Pravin Chandran , Juby Jose , Viswanath Dibbur , Prakash Sirra Ajith

Manual development of automatic tests for embedded C software is a strenuous and time-consuming task that does not scale well. With the accelerating pace of software release cycles, verification increasingly becomes the bottleneck in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Maximilian Harnot , Sebastian Komarnicki , Michal Polok , Timo Oksanen

Since many real-world documents combine textual and tabular data, robust Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are essential for effectively accessing and analyzing such content to support complex reasoning tasks. Therefore, this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jan Strich , Enes Kutay Isgorur , Maximilian Trescher , Chris Biemann , Martin Semmann

With the application of deep learning technology, tools of DL framework testing are in high demand. Existing DL framework testing tools have limited coverage of bug types. For example, they lack the capability of effectively finding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xiaoyu Zhang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Shiwei Wang , Chao Shen

Large language models (LLMs) excel at implementing code from functionality descriptions but struggle with algorithmic problems that require not only implementation but also identification of the suitable algorithm. Moreover, LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Kexun Zhang , Danqing Wang , Jingtao Xia , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

Test-time training (TTT) adapts language models through gradient-based updates at inference. But is adaptation the right strategy? We study compute-optimal test-time strategies for verifiable execution-grounded (VEG) tasks, domains like GPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jarrod Barnes

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Even when aggregate accuracy is high, state-of-the-art NLP models often fail systematically on specific subgroups of data, resulting in unfair outcomes and eroding user trust. Additional data collection may not help in addressing these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zexue He , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Fereshte Khani

Unit testing is essential in detecting bugs in functionally-discrete program units. Manually writing high-quality unit tests is time-consuming and laborious. Although traditional techniques can generate tests with reasonable coverage, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhiqiang Yuan , Yiling Lou , Mingwei Liu , Shiji Ding , Kaixin Wang , Yixuan Chen , Xin Peng

Human evaluation for natural language generation (NLG) often suffers from inconsistent user ratings. While previous research tends to attribute this problem to individual user preferences, we show that the quality of human judgements can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Jekaterina Novikova , Ondřej Dušek , Verena Rieser